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Elsevier eBooks

The double Stern-Gerlach experiment with multilayer cold neutron interferometry to test some quantum measurement theories

Yoshié Otake, H. Funahashi, S. Tasaki, Tooru Ebisawa, Takeshi Kawai

Published Jan 1, 1999• 1 citation
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/b978-044450091-5/50071-3

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The successful results of phase echo multilayer mirror interferometer for cold neutrons at C3-1-2 (MINE) in JRR3M of JAERI-Tokai enable us to perform `double Stern Gerlach` (dSG) experiment which was proposed by Machida and Namiki in 1987 to test the quantum mechanical measurement theories, especially Many World Interpretation of Everett`s, Environment Theory by Zurek and Many-Hilbert-Space Theory (MHST) by themselves. There are many measurement theories where they don`t distinguish the two steps, a spectral decomposition step and a detection step, through the measurement process while they explain how to derive the wave function reduction theoretically. In MHST they proposed these two steps and clarify the issue of the coherence during the measurement process. This experiment can clarify not only these three theories but also the fact whether these two steps function differently during the measurement process in terms of coherence phenomena. This experiment consists of two spectral decomposition (two magnetic mirrors to divide each beam into two spatially divided beams according to its spin states) put after the simple beam splitter. We investigate the existence of the coherence in the super posed beam after the spectral decomposition. Clear coherence patters are measured with rotating the second composite mirror. This clarifies that the spectral decomposition never plays any role to decrease the coherence between the eigenstates of the superposed state and that we have to investigate the detection step to find the mechanism of the wave packet reduction during the measurement process. (author)
As shown recently by Zawisky, Rauch, and Hasegawa in neutron interferometry [Phys. Rev. A 50, 5000 (1994)], the interference pattern obtained with a low-intensity particle beam is deeply modified when a selection is made of the time intervals between successive detected events. Experiments of the same type performed with a Stern-Gerlach interferometer using a metastable hydrogen atom beam are described. Results very similar to those of the neutron experiment are obtained, in particular a strong enhancement of the contrast when large time intervals are selected.
We present a comprehensive simulation study of the Newtonian and quantum model of a Stern-Gerlach experiment with cold neutrons. By solving Newton's equation of motion and the time-dependent Pauli equation for a wide range of uniform magnetic field strengths, we scrutinize the role of the latter for drawing the conclusion that the magnetic moment of the neutron is quantized. We then demonstrate that a marginal modification of the Newtonian model suffices to construct, without invoking any concept of quantum theory, an event-based subquantum model that eliminates the shortcomings of the classical model and yields results that are in qualitative agreement with experiment and quantum theory. In this event-by-event model, the intrinsic angular momentum can take any value on the sphere, yet, for a sufficiently strong uniform magnetic field, the particle beam splits in two, exactly as in experiment and in concert with quantum theory.