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Viewpoint: Bose Polarons that Strongly Interact

Frédéric Chevy

Published Jul 28, 2016• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Researchers have used impurities within a Bose-Einstein condensate to simulate polarons—electron-phonon combinations in solid-state systems.

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Bose polarons in the strongly interacting regime

Dhruv Kedar, Ming-Guang Hu, Michael J. Van de Graaff +3 more

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•Mar 17, 2016•0 citations
Abstract The Bose polaron is a quasiparticle that arises from the interaction between impurities and Bogoliubov excitation in Bose–Einstein condensates, analogous to the polaron formed by electrons and phonons in solid-state physics. In this paper, we investigate the effect of phase separation on weakly coupled and strongly coupled Bose polarons. Our findings reveal that phase separation induces a remarkable alteration in the properties of weakly coupled Bose polarons. However, in the case of strong coupling, phase separation cannot destroy the highly self-trapping state of Bose polarons.
We analyze the many-body Hamiltonian describing a mobile impurity immersed in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). Using exact unitary transformations and rigorous error estimates, we show the validity of the Bogoliubov-Fr\"ohlich Hamiltonian for the Bose polaron in the regime of moderately strong, repulsive interactions with a dilute BEC. Moreover, we calculate analytically the universal logarithmic correction to the ground state energy that arises from an impurity mediated phonon-phonon interaction.
Polarons, self-localized composite objects formed by the interaction of a single impurity particle with a host medium, are a paradigm of strong interaction many-body physics. We show that dilute gas Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC's) are the first medium known to self-localize the same impurity particles both in a Landau-Pekar polaron state akin to that of self-localized electrons in a dielectric lattice, and in a bubble state akin to that of electron bubbles in helium. We also show that the BEC-impurity system is fully characterized by just two dimensionless coupling constants, and that it can be adiabatically steered from the Landau-Pekar regime to the bubble regime in a smooth crossover trajectory.