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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Interatomic dispersion potential in a cylindrical system: atoms being off axis

Ho Trung Dung

Published Aug 1, 2016• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We consider dispersion interaction between two ground-state atoms positioned inside a hollow cylindrical waveguide or outside a solid cylindrical waveguide. In the case of atoms having radial dipole moments and being located outside a waveguide, the dispersion interaction is found to be strongly enhanced as compared with that in free space. Results for a perfectly reflecting wall and walls made of a conductor (gold) and a dielectric (undoped silicon) are compared. It is shown that though the perfectly reflecting waveguide model can predict qualitatively correctly the main features of the interatomic dispersion interaction, taking into account realistic permittivities is important because the difference can amount to a few orders of magnitudes.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/49/16/165502

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Abstract We consider how the rate of resonance energy transfer (RET) between an excited atom and a ground-state one is affected by the presence of a cylindrical photonic band-gap waveguide by using the Green’s function approach. Both positions inside and outside the wall and three types of atomic dipole moment orientations, namely radial, azimuthal and axial orientations, are examined. Results for the photonic band-gap structure and those for the perfectly reflecting one are compared. Differences between the two are found to be significant near the surfaces. Frequency dependence of the rate, which is beyond the perfectly reflecting wall model, is investigated. It is shown that when the waveguide is located in between two atoms which have transition dipole moments parallel with the axis and transition frequency falling within the gap region, the RET is suppressed.
We consider the energy transfer process between two identical atoms placed inside a perfectly conducting cylindrical waveguide. We first introduce a general analytical expression of the energy transfer amplitude in terms of the electromagnetic Green's tensor; we then evaluate it in the case of a cylindrical waveguide made of a perfect conductor, for which analytical expressions of the Green's tensor exist. We numerically analyze the energy transfer amplitude when the radius of the waveguide is such that the transition frequency of both atoms is below the lower cutoff frequency of the waveguide, so that the resonant photon exchange is strongly suppressed. We consider both cases of atomic dipoles parallel and orthogonal to the axis of the guide. In both cases, we find that the energy transfer is modified by the presence of the waveguide. In the near zone, that is when the atomic separation is smaller than the atomic transition wavelength, the change, with respect to the free-space case, is small for axial dipoles, while it is larger for radial dipoles; it grows when the intermediate region between near and far zone is approached. In the far zone, we find that the energy transfer amplitude is strongly suppressed by the waveguide, becoming virtually zero. A physical interpretation of these results is discussed. Finally, we discuss the resonance interaction energy and force between two identical correlated atoms in the waveguide, one excited and the other in the ground state, prepared in their symmetric or antisymmetric superposition.
We calculate the atomic energy-level shift and the modified dipolar radiation rate inside a hollow dielectric cylinder and outside a solid cylinder using a quantum-mechanical linear-response formalism in the dipole approximation. We first derive the electromagnetic fields scattered by the cylindrical surface for an oscillating dipole inside and outside the cylinder. When an atom is located on the axis of the cylindrical hollow, we obtain analytic expressions of the atomic level shifts in two limiting cases: when bbb (radius of hollow) is very small, the level shift is proportional to ${b}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ which is associated with the kinetic-energy change of the atomic electron, whereas when bbb is very large, the shift is proportional to ${b}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ which is identified as the retarded (Casimir-Polder) interaction energy. Moreover, we calculate the atomic potentials as a function of the position of atoms in the hollow region, which is important for the atom-guiding experiment. We also calculate the decay rates and find enhanced rates inside and outside the cylinder. In particular, we compare the radiative properties of an atom inside the hollow cylinder with those between two plates, and those near a cylinder with near a single surface.
Abstract Spontaneous decay rate and Casimir–Polder interaction of an excited two-level atom enclosed in a distributed-Bragg-reflector cylindrical waveguide are studied. Conditions for resonances to exist are established by comparing the distributed-Bragg-reflector-waveguide results with those of a perfectly reflecting hollow waveguide, and taking advantage of the simplicity of the Green tensor of the latter. The Casimir–Polder potential is obtained and found to exhibit a potential well along the cylinder axis. The results remain valid when realistic frequency-dependent permittivities of Si and SiO 2 are used.
We consider the resonant interaction energy and force between two identical atoms, one in an excited state and the other in the ground state, placed inside a photonic crystal. The atoms, having the same orientation as their dipole moment, are supposed prepared in their symmetrical state and interact with the quantum electromagnetic field. We consider two specific models of photonic crystals: a one-dimensional model and an isotropic model. We show that in both cases the resonant interatomic force can be strongly enhanced by the presence of the photonic crystal, as a consequence of the modified dispersion relation and density of states, in particular if the transition frequency of the atoms is close to the edge of a photonic gap. Differences between the two models of photonic crystal considered are discussed in detail, as well as a comparison with the analogous system of two impurity atoms in a quantum semiconductor wire. A numerical estimate of the effect in a realistic situation is also discussed.