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ACS symposium series

Variations on the Theme of Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passagr: Control of Chemical Reactions

Suhail P. Shah, Vandana Kurkal, Stuart A. Rice

Published Jun 21, 2002• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We describe the exploitation of adiabatic transfer of population between selected states of a molecule as a means for the control of product selectivity in a branching unimolecular reaction. The particular procedures employed to achieve that adiabatic transfer of population depend on the character of the spectrum of states of the molecule; the ones we consider are either extensions of, or are illuminated by, the STIRAP method. The results of studies of efficient selective population of one of a pair of nearly degenerate states in the thiophosgene molecule, and of efficient promotion of the HCN → CNH isomerization reaction, are reported. In the former case the adiabatic population transfer is achieved by use of the Kobrak-Rice extended STIRAP method, while in the latter case it is achieved by use of consecutive STIRAP processes. In both cases the efficiency of selective population transfer is shown to be insensitive to radiative

DOI
10.1021/bk-2002-0821.ch002

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We describe the exploitation of adiabatic transfer of population between selected states of a molecule as a means for the control of product selectivity in a branching unimolecular reaction. The particular procedures employed to achieve that adiabatic transfer of population depend on the character of the spectrum of states of the molecule; the ones we consider are either extensions of, or are illuminated by, the STIRAP method. The results of studies of efficient selective population of one of a pair of nearly degenerate states in the thiophosgene molecule, and of efficient promotion of the HCN → CNH isomerization reaction, are reported. In the former case the adiabatic population transfer is achieved by use of the Kobrak-Rice extended STIRAP method, while in the latter case it is achieved by use of consecutive STIRAP processes. In both cases the efficiency of selective population transfer is shown to be insensitive to radiative
In this paper we extend the existing theory of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (StiRAP) in three-level systems to examine the nature of selective photoexcitation using counterintuitively ordered pulses. Our goal is to develop a version of StiRAP that permits control of product selectivity in a chemical reaction. We analyze the case of selective excitation to one state in a pair of degenerate target states in a four-level system, and find that one cannot control the ratio of the populations in the two states in a resonant two-photon process. However, the extension of the system to include a fifth state and a third laser field makes selective excitation to one of the degenerate states possible. It is found that, subject to reasonable restrictions, one may accomplish complete population transfer to a single target state of a degenerate pair of states in a five-level system.
We report studies of state-to-state vibrational energy transfer in an isolated polyatomic molecule driven by combined stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and counter-diabatic fields (CDFs). The goal of these studies is development of a method for improving the efficiency of level-to-level population transfer under conditions that degrade the efficiency of conventional STIRAP-generated population transfer. The vehicles for our studies are selective population of one of a pair of near-degenerate states in nonrotating SCCl 2 and enhancing the yield of nonrotating HNC in the HCN → HNC isomerization reaction. The efficiency of the population transfer within a subset of states embedded in a manifold of states is examined for the cases in which the transition dipole moments between the initial and target states are much smaller than and comparable to the transition dipole moments between background states and for the case in which the subset states have large transition dipole moments with the background states. We show that, in a subset of states that is coupled to background states, a combination of STIRAP fields and CDFs that do not individually generate processes that are competitive with the desired population transfer can generate population transfer efficiency greater than can ordinary STIRAP with field strength and/or pulse duration similarly restricted and that the exact CDF for an isolated three-level system is a useful approximation to the exact CDF for three- and five-state systems embedded in background states. We report a study of the stability of the STIRAP and approximate CDF control protocol to variation of the CDF intensity, the relative phase between the STIRAP and CDFs, and the pulse duration.
We report studies of state-to-state vibrational energy transfer in an isolated polyatomic molecule driven by combined stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) and counter-diabatic fields (CDF), using as vehicles selective population of one of a pair of near degenerate states in SCCl2_22​ and enhancing the yield of HNC in the HCN/HNC isomerization reaction. The efficiency of the population transfer within a subset of states embedded in a dense manifold of states is examined for the cases that the transition dipole moments between the initial and target states are much smaller than and comparable to the transition dipole moments between background states, and for the case that the subset states have large transition dipole moments with the background states. We show that, in a subset of states that is coupled to background states, a combination of STIRAP fields and CDFs that do not individually generate processes that are competitive with the desired population transfer can generate greater population transfer efficiency than can ordinary STIRAP with field strength and/or pulse duration similarly restricted. We also show that the exact CDF for an isolated three level system is a useful approximation to the exact CDF for three and five state systems embedded in background states, and we report a study of the stability of the STIRAP + approximate CDF control protocol to variation of the CDF.
The Kobrak-Rice extended STIRAP approach for selective population transfer has been tested for robustness vis a vis coupling to background states by examining preferential transfer to one or the other of nearly degenerate target states in the thiophosgene molecule. The calculations were carried out first within the original Kobrak-Rice five state scheme and then with inclusion of successively larger numbers of background states that have off-resonance radiative coupling with the original five states. Population transfers were calculated with and without use of the rotating wave approximation to determine if inclusion of the background states degraded the accuracy of that approximation. It is shown that the selective population transfer to a particular one of a pair of degenerate states is insensitive to the couplings with the background states and to the use of the rotating wave approximation.
Two-pulse selective photochemistry that exploits population transfer via adiabatic passage is considered for the case that there are degenerate product states with different lifetimes. As an example, a four-level model system with a complex symmetric Hamiltonian is constructed. Analytical and numerical studies of this model system demonstrate that extensive control over the product branching ratio can be achieved by detuning either the pump pulse or the Stokes pulse while maintaining negligible population in the intermediate state. This control approach represents a significant simplification of both the Kobrak-Rice extended stimulated Raman adiabatic passage scheme and the Chen-Shapiro-Brumer strong-field control scheme.
The authors discuss the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), a method of using partially overlapping pulses (from pump and Stokes lasers) to produce complete population transfer between two quantum states of an atom or molecule. The procedure relies on the initial creation of a coherence (a population-trapping state) with subsequent adiabatic evolution. The authors present the basic theory, with some extensions, and then describe examples of experimental utilization. They note some applications of the technique not only to preparation of selected states for reaction studies, but also to quantum optics and atom optics.