Electromagnetic and de Broglie Waves

A. Komjáthy

M. Surdin

Georges Lochak

H. Vic. Dannon

Abstract In 1925, de Broglie hypothesized that any material particle has an associated wave with /h p . Electron diffraction seems to support that Hypothesis. But then, the electron at rest will have infinite wavelength, and infinite wave phase velocity. This says that for a material particle, the de Broglie relation does not hold. Failed attempts to save the postulate, kept the flawed relation, and modified the waves into train waves, pilot waves, probability waves, … to name a few. We keep the de Broglie waves unchanged, and modify the relation. First, we observe that the Planck energy E h used by de Broglie defines virtual electromagnetic waves. Consequently, for any particle, the virtual electromagnetic wavelength is / /c h mc , and / /h m c . Refinement of de Broglie argument, indicates that /h mmay be x , Heisenberg’s uncertainty in the particle location. de Broglie’s later analysis supports this interpretation, and we offer an explanation to particle diffraction as a consequence of Heisenberg’s uncertainty. We apply / /h m c to obtain the dispersion relations for the de Broglie virtual waves.

J. R. Croca

Zhiguo Zhang

Aiming at the theoretical gap in the traditional de Broglie wave theory that fails to clarify the physical excitation mechanism of matter waves, this paper proposes the de Broglie Wave-Virtual Photon Exchange Synchronization Law, and reveals the intrinsic physical origin of de Broglie matter waves from the perspective of virtual photon exchange. Based on the well-recognized physical formulas including the de Broglie energy-frequency relation, the relativistic energy-momentum relation and the core equations of quantum electrodynamics (QED), this paper conducts strict quantitative deduction and derives the de Broglie Wave-Virtual Photon Exchange Synchronization Formulathat characterizes the correlation between virtual photon exchange and the variation of de Broglie waves. Through physical analysis of the formula, it is concluded that the de Broglie matter wave is not an intrinsic and spontaneous property of particles, but a dynamic wave effect directly excited by the momentum exchange between virtual photons and particles in electromagnetic interaction. The frequency, wavelength and wave characteristics of the de Broglie wave are uniquely determined by the intensity and exchange frequency of virtual photon exchange, and the two physical quantities maintain strict synchronization in the process of physical evolution. In addition, this paper clarifies the velocity-dependent modulation effect of virtual photon exchange on de Broglie waves: the modulation effect is weak at low velocities, strengthens significantly at high velocities, and the key wave characteristic parameters (frequency, momentum correlation) of de Broglie waves and virtual photons achieve quantitative unification when the particle velocity approaches the speed of light. This theory establishes a strict, quantitative and unified correlation between the virtual photon exchange mechanism and the origin of de Broglie waves, perfects the physical interpretation of the origin of matter waves, and provides a new theoretical perspective for the study of wave-particle duality and the electromagnetic interaction of microscopic particles.