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Springer eBooks

Pulse Laser Emission and Superradiance Due to Transitions from Resonance to Metastable Levels in Atoms and Ions

Nicolai G. Basov

Published Jan 1, 1976• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/978-1-4684-1626-8_3

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In this work the method of statistical simulation allowing someone to calculate an interaction of laser pulse with nonlinear absorbing many-level medium when the time duration of pulse is equal to longitudinal characteristic relaxation time is suggested and realized. Two problems were solved by this method. The first problem was the one of laser energy storage on the metastable level of medium atoms. The space and time characteristics of this inverted medium of plane geometry were calculated. The amplification coefficient of forbidden transition versus different parameters of this problem was obtained. The second problem was the calculation of many-steps selective photoionization of the atomic beam. Under specific conditions a superradiance had an effect on output of ions during decay of resonant exciting level into metastable level.
Cold samples of calcium atoms are prepared in the metastable ^{3}P_{1} state inside an optical cavity resonant with the narrow band (375 Hz) ^{1}S_{0}→^{3}P_{1} intercombination line at 657 nm. We observe a superradiant emission of hyperbolic secant shaped pulses into the cavity with an intensity proportional to the square of the atom number, a duration much shorter than the natural lifetime of the ^{3}P_{1} state, and a delay time fluctuating from shot to shot in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. Our incoherent pumping scheme to produce inversion on the ^{1}S_{0}→^{3}P_{1} transition should be extendable to allow for continuous wave laser operation.
Singly ionized nitrogen molecules in ambient air pumped by 800 nm femtosecond laser give rise to superradiant emission. Here, we study this superradiance by injecting a pair of resonant seeding pulses at different intensity ratios inside the nitrogen gas plasma. Strong modulation of the 391.4 nm superradiant emission with a period of 1.3 fs is observed when the delay between the two seeding pulses is finely tuned. The modulation contrast is increased and then decreased with the delay time when the second seed pulse is stronger than the first one, and the maximum modulation contrast occurs at longer delay time when the second seeding pulse is stronger. This reveals the increase of the macroscopic polarization with time after the seeding pulse. Moreover, these observations provide a new level of control on the "air lasing" based on nitrogen ions, which can find potential applications in optical remote sensing.