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Quantum information science: experimental implementation with trapped ions

Thomas Monz, Philipp Schindler, Daniel Nigg, R. Blatt

Published Jun 12, 2014• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract This chapter discusses ion-trap-based quantum computation. Itexplains why ion traps constitute the most advanced quantum information processors to date.
DOI
10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199681181.003.0013

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This chapter describes the essential features of ion traps and the quantum information science that these systems make possible. Section 8.1 analyses the Paul trap design generally used in these experiments and describes how it operates with a single ion or with a set of ions making up a string of qubits. Section 8.2 focuses on the manipulation of the ion's motional states. Section 8.3 includes in the spin-spring model the ionic relaxation due to spontaneous emission, using the quantum jump language introduced in Chapter 4. Section 8.4 focuses on the scheme proposed by Cirac and Zoller that has been implemented in the laboratory on Ca+ ions by the Innsbruck group. The results of a teleportation experiment involving three ions are presented. In an alternative scheme, the Boulder group working on Be+ has realized gates in which the ions are addressed collectively. Section 8.5 shows how this has made it possible to prepare and analyse GHZ states with up to six ions. Section 8.6 concludes by discussing some of the perspectives opened by ion trap physics in quantum information science.
Trapped ions are among the most promising systems for practical quantum computing (QC). The basic requirements for universal QC have all been demonstrated with ions, and quantum algorithms using few-ion-qubit systems have been implemented. We review the state of the field, covering the basics of how trapped ions are used for QC and their strengths and limitations as qubits. In addition, we discuss what is being done, and what may be required, to increase the scale of trapped ion quantum computers while mitigating decoherence and control errors. Finally, we explore the outlook for trapped-ion QC. In particular, we discuss near-term applications, considerations impacting the design of future systems of trapped ions, and experiments and demonstrations that may further inform these considerations.
Trapped atomic ions are standards for quantum information processing, serving as quantum memories, hosts of quantum gates in quantum computers and simulators, and nodes of quantum communication networks. Quantum bits based on trapped ions enjoy a rare combination of attributes: They have exquisite coherence properties, they can be prepared and measured with nearly 100% efficiency, and they are readily entangled with each other through the Coulomb interaction or remote photonic interconnects. The outstanding challenge is the scaling of trapped ions to hundreds or thousands of qubits and beyond, at which scale quantum processors can outperform their classical counterparts in certain applications. We review the latest progress and prospects in that effort, with the promise of advanced architectures and new technologies, such as microfabricated ion traps and integrated photonics.