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Optical Engineering

Multiple image encryption by phase retrieval

Hong Di, Yanmei Kang, Yueqin Liu, Xin Zhang

Published Jul 26, 2016• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Multiple image encryption (MIE) was proposed to increase the efficiency of encrypting images by processing several images simultaneously. Because of the advantage of optical technology in processing twodimensional images at high throughput, MIE has been significantly improved by use of methods originating from optics. Phase retrieval was the process of algorithmically finding solutions to the phase loss problem due to light detectors only capturing the intensity. It was to retrieve phase information for the determination of a structure from diffraction data. Error-reduction algorithm is a typical phase retrieval method. Here, we employ it to illustrate that methods in phase retrieval are able to encrypt multiple images and compress them into encrypted data simultaneously. Moreover, the decryption is also designed to handle multiple images at the same time. The whole process including both the encryption and decryption is proposed to improve MIE with respect to the compression and efficiency. The feasibility and encryption of the MIE scheme is demonstrated with encryption experiments under Gaussian white noise and unauthorized access.

DOI
10.1117/1.oe.55.7.073103

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Multiple image encryption (MIE) was proposed to increase the efficiency of encrypting images by processing several images simultaneously. Because of the advantage of optical technology in processing twodimensional images at high throughput, MIE has been significantly improved by use of methods originating from optics. Phase retrieval was the process of algorithmically finding solutions to the phase loss problem due to light detectors only capturing the intensity. It was to retrieve phase information for the determination of a structure from diffraction data. Error-reduction algorithm is a typical phase retrieval method. Here, we employ it to illustrate that methods in phase retrieval are able to encrypt multiple images and compress them into encrypted data simultaneously. Moreover, the decryption is also designed to handle multiple images at the same time. The whole process including both the encryption and decryption is proposed to improve MIE with respect to the compression and efficiency. The feasibility and encryption of the MIE scheme is demonstrated with encryption experiments under Gaussian white noise and unauthorized access.
We report a simultaneous image compression and encryption scheme based on solving a typical optical inverse problem. The secret images to be processed are multiplexed as the input intensities of a cascaded diffractive optical system. At the output plane, a compressed complex-valued data with a lot fewer measurements can be obtained by utilizing error-reduction phase retrieval algorithm. The magnitude of the output image can serve as the final ciphertext while its phase serves as the decryption key. Therefore the compression and encryption are simultaneously completed without additional encoding and filtering operations. The proposed strategy can be straightforwardly applied to the existing optical security systems that involve diffraction and interference. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the validity and security of the proposal.
We propose a multiple-image encryption (MIE) scheme based on triple interferences for flexibly decrypting high-quality images. Each image is discretionarily deciphered without decrypting a series of other images earlier. Since it does not involve any cascaded encryption orders, the image can be decrypted flexibly by using the novel method. Computer simulation demonstrated that the proposed method's running time is less than approximately 1/4 that of the previous similar MIE method. Moreover, the decrypted image is perfectly correlated with the original image, and due to many phase functions serving as decryption keys, this method is more secure and robust.
A multiple-image encryption (MIE) scheme with a single-pixel detector has been proposed according to the principle of ghost imaging. In this scheme, each of the spatially coherent laser beams is modified by a set of phase-mask keys and illuminates on a secret image. All of the transmitted lights are recorded together by a single-pixel (bucket) detector to obtain a ciphertext, but anyone of the secret images can be decrypted from the ciphertext independently without any mutually overlapped despite some noise in them. The MIE scheme will bring convenience for data storage and transmission, especially in the case that different secret images need to be distributed to different authorized users, because the ciphertext is a real-valued function and this scheme can effectively avoid the secret images being extracted mutually. The basic principle of the MIE scheme is described theoretically and verified by computer simulations. Finally, the feasibility, robustness and encryption capacity are also tested numerically.
As a typical technology for optical encryption, phase retrieval algorithms have been widely used in optical information encryption and authentication systems. This paper presents three applications of two-dimensional (2D) phase retrieval for optical encryption and authentication: first, a hierarchical image encryption system, by which multiple images can be hidden into cascaded multiple phase masks; second, a multilevel image authentication system, which combines (t, n) threshold secret sharing (both t and n are positive integers, and t ≤ n ) and phase retrieval, and provides both high-level and low-level authentication; and finally, a hierarchical multilevel authentication system that combines the secret sharing scheme based on basic vector operations and the phase retrieval, by which more certification images can be encoded into multiple cascaded phase masks of different hierarchical levels. These three phase retrieval algorithms can effectively illustrate phase-retrieval-based optical information security. The principles and features of each phase-retrieval-based optical security method are analyzed and discussed. It is hoped that this review will illustrate the current development of phase retrieval algorithms for optical information security and will also shed light on the future development of phase retrieval algorithms for optical information security.
Abstract A novel optical multiple-image authentication scheme based on the phase retrieval algorithm is presented in gyrator domain. According to a plain image, only one phase-only mask is obtained as the encrypted result by using the proposed phase retrieval algorithm, which has a fast convergence rate and good performance on mean square error. Afterwards, the sparsely encrypted distribution is extracted from the phase-only mask by selecting a certain percentage of pixels randomly. Different from other multiple-image authentication system based on space multiplexing, all sparsely encrypted distributions of plain images are finally integrated into the ciphertext by making use of the inter-modulation operation of phase masks, where the decryption process can be performed efficiently without any cross-talk noise and the encrypted capacity is nearly unlimited. Only when the secret keys are correct, the content of the plain images can be authenticated, in which the authentication process can be implemented optically by using the architecture of double random phase encoding. Simulation results are given to demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the proposed scheme.
In recent years, optical image encryption has attracted more and more attention in information security due to its unique advantages, such as parallel processing and multiple-parameter characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new method using three-dimensional (3D) processing strategy for interference-based optical image encryption. The plaintext is considered as a series of particles distributed in 3D space, and any one sectional extraction cannot render information about the plaintext during image decryption. In addition, the silhouette problem in the conventional interference-based optical encryption method is effectively suppressed, and the proposed optical cryptosystem can achieve higher security compared with the previous work. A numerical experiment is conducted to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.