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Viewpoint: Squeezed Light Reengineers Resonance Fluorescence

H. J. Carmichael

Published Jul 11, 2016• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

By bathing a superconducting qubit in squeezed light, researchers have been able to confirm a decades-old prediction for the resulting phase-dependent spectrum of resonance fluorescence.

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We present an experimental realization of resonance fluorescence in squeezed vacuum.We strongly couple microwave-frequency squeezed light to a superconducting artificial atom and detect the resulting fluorescence with high resolution enabled by a broadband traveling-wave parametric amplifier.We investigate the fluorescence spectra in the weak and strong driving regimes, observing up to 3.1 dB of reduction of the fluorescence linewidth below the ordinary vacuum level and a dramatic dependence of the Mollow triplet spectrum on the relative phase of the driving and squeezed vacuum fields.Our results are in excellent agreement with predictions for spectra produced by a two-level atom in squeezed vacuum [Phys.Rev. Lett.58, 2539 (1987)], demonstrating that resonance fluorescence offers a resource-efficient means to characterize squeezing in cryogenic environments.

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We develop a theoretical description of quantum wave mixing (QWM) in a cascaded waveguide-QED system of two superconducting qubits, where the probe is driven by an external coherent tone and by the resonance fluorescence of a strongly driven source qubit. Starting from the field correlation functions of the source emission, we derive an effective master-equation treatment for the probe and identify the regime in which the incident fluorescence is characterized by anomalous correlations. When the coherent Rayleigh component of the source spectrum is suppressed, the probe equations of motion become equivalent to those for a qubit driven by a coherent tone and broadband squeezed light, although the ligt emitted by the source is non-Gaussian and antibunched. This equivalence implies a selection rule for the peaks of the QWM spectrum, with a strong suppression of sidebands associated with processes involving an odd number of photons taken from the source field. Numerical simulations of the full cascaded two-qubit model for different ratios of radiative decay rates unambiguously confirm the participation of correlated photon pairs in QWM processes. The current research illustrates that the analysis of peak amplitudes can be used to probe photon statistics in the incident nonclassical field.

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We present an experimental realization of resonance fluorescence in squeezed vacuum.We strongly couple microwave-frequency squeezed light to a superconducting artificial atom and detect the resulting fluorescence with high resolution enabled by a broadband traveling-wave parametric amplifier.We investigate the fluorescence spectra in the weak and strong driving regimes, observing up to 3.1 dB of reduction of the fluorescence linewidth below the ordinary vacuum level and a dramatic dependence of the Mollow triplet spectrum on the relative phase of the driving and squeezed vacuum fields.Our results are in excellent agreement with predictions for spectra produced by a two-level atom in squeezed vacuum [Phys.Rev. Lett.58, 2539 (1987)], demonstrating that resonance fluorescence offers a resource-efficient means to characterize squeezing in cryogenic environments.
We present an experimental realization of resonance fluorescence in squeezed vacuum.We strongly couple microwave-frequency squeezed light to a superconducting artificial atom and detect the resulting fluorescence with high resolution enabled by a broadband traveling-wave parametric amplifier.We investigate the fluorescence spectra in the weak and strong driving regimes, observing up to 3.1 dB of reduction of the fluorescence linewidth below the ordinary vacuum level and a dramatic dependence of the Mollow triplet spectrum on the relative phase of the driving and squeezed vacuum fields.Our results are in excellent agreement with predictions for spectra produced by a two-level atom in squeezed vacuum [Phys.Rev. Lett.58, 2539 (1987)], demonstrating that resonance fluorescence offers a resource-efficient means to characterize squeezing in cryogenic environments.
Phase-sensitive detection of resonance fluorescence, i.e., allowing the light emitted from an atom which is undergoing Rabi oscillations in free space to interfere with a coherent local oscillator (LO) beam, has drawn considerable attention throughout the history of quantum optics. Recently, phase-sensitive squeezing spectra for single-atom resonance fluorescence were observed for the first time using strongly-driven long-lived atoms. A measurement of phase-sensitive intensity correlations for this system will be presented. Using physical arguments I will construct the phase-sensitive two-time intensity autocorrelation function, and elucidate the role played by quantum fluctuations in phase-dependent resonance fluorescence.
We develop a theoretical description of quantum wave mixing (QWM) in a cascaded waveguide-QED system of two superconducting qubits, where the probe is driven by an external coherent tone and by the resonance fluorescence of a strongly driven source qubit. Starting from the field correlation functions of the source emission, we derive an effective master-equation treatment for the probe and identify the regime in which the incident fluorescence is characterized by anomalous correlations. When the coherent Rayleigh component of the source spectrum is suppressed, the probe equations of motion become equivalent to those for a qubit driven by a coherent tone and broadband squeezed light, although the ligt emitted by the source is non-Gaussian and antibunched. This equivalence implies a selection rule for the peaks of the QWM spectrum, with a strong suppression of sidebands associated with processes involving an odd number of photons taken from the source field. Numerical simulations of the full cascaded two-qubit model for different ratios of radiative decay rates unambiguously confirm the participation of correlated photon pairs in QWM processes. The current research illustrates that the analysis of peak amplitudes can be used to probe photon statistics in the incident nonclassical field.