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Quantum Information Processing

Scattering-induced quantum correlation in electronic waveguides with static magnetic impurities

Ebrahim Ghanbari-Adivi, M. Soltani, Z. Alami, M. Sheikhali

Published Jul 18, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-016-1390-0

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We consider a one-dimensional (1D) wire along which single conduction electrons can propagate in the presence of two spin-1/2 magnetic impurities. The electron may be scattered by each impurity via a contact-exchange interaction and thus a spin-flip generally occurs at each scattering event. Adopting a quantum waveguide theory approach, we derive the stationary states of the system at all orders in the electron-impurity exchange coupling constant. This allows us to investigate electron transmission for arbitrary initial states of the two impurity spins. We show that for suitable electron wave vectors, the triplet and singlet maximally entangled spin states of the impurities can respectively largely inhibit the electron transport or make the wire completely transparent for any electron spin state. In the latter case, a resonance condition can always be found, representing an anomalous behaviour compared to typical decoherence induced by magnetic impurities. We provide an explanation for these phenomena in terms of the Hamiltonian symmetries. Finally, a scheme to generate maximally entangled spin states of the two impurities via electron scattering is proposed.
In magnets with strong quantum fluctuations, paramagnetic ground states with or without confinement of spinon excitations can be realized. Here we discuss the physics of the confined phase in the vicinity of a confinement-deconfinement transition: this regime, likely relevant to a multitude of frustrated spin systems, is characterized by multiple length scales. In addition to the magnetic correlation length, a confinement length can be defined, which can be probed, e.g., by local static measurements near nonmagnetic impurities. We illustrate the ideas by explicit calculations for dimerized spin chains, but our qualitative results remain valid in higher dimensions as well. In particular, we study crossover from weak to strong confinement visible in the antiferromagnetic polarization cloud around a nonmagnetic impurity. We also discuss the effective magnetic interaction between impurities, relevant for impurity-induced magnetic order, and consequences for nuclear magnetic resonance and neutron-scattering experiments.