Uncertainty relations in classical and quantum theories of electromagnetism
Iwo Bialynicki-Birula, Zofia Bialynicka-Birula
Sharp uncertainty relations restricting the values of variances in the position space and in the momentum (wavevector) space are derived. They have the same form $ΔrΔk\ge 5/2$ in the classical theory of light beams, in the quantum theory of coherent light beams, and in the quantum theory of individual photons.
quant-pharXiv:2605.28906•May 28, 2026•0 citations