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Acta Physica Sinica

Quantum Phase Transition in a Bilayer Heisenberg Antiferromagnet

Yu Deng-Ke, Gu Qiang, Hanting Wang, Jue-Lian Shen, 中国科学院物理研究所，北京　100080

Published Jan 1, 1999• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper we use a bond-operator mean-field theory to study the quantum phase transition in the bilayer Heisenberg antiferromagnet. The obtained critical point and low temperature quantum critical behavior are consistent with the numerical results and the nonlinear σ model results. In the very low temperature (T≤0.3J1, J1 is the in-plane antiferromagnetic coupling), where the numerical results are not available, present paper gives new evidence for the quantum critical behavior.

DOI
10.7498/aps.48.169

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In this paper we use a bond-operator mean-field theory to study the quantum phase transition in the bilayer Heisenberg antiferromagnet. The obtained critical point and low temperature quantum critical behavior are consistent with the numerical results and the nonlinear σ model results. In the very low temperature (T≤0.3J1, J1 is the in-plane antiferromagnetic coupling), where the numerical results are not available, present paper gives new evidence for the quantum critical behavior.
The phase diagram of the anisotropic quantum spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet in the presence of competitive nearest (J1)({J}_{1})(J1​)- and next-nearest $({J}_{2}=\ensuremath{\alpha}{J}_{1})$-neighbor interactions on a simple cubic lattice is studied within the framework of the differential operator technique. The Hamiltonian is solved by using an effective-field theory in a two-spin cluster. We propose a function for the free energy, which is similar to the Landau expansion, in order to find the ground state (T=0)(T=0)(T=0) and the finite-TTT phase diagram. At zero temperature, we find a first-order quantum phase transition in the point ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}(\ensuremath{\Delta})$ between the antiferromagnetic (AF) and superantiferromagnetic (SAF) phases. This is dependent on the anisotropy parameter $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ ($\ensuremath{\Delta}=0$ and 1 correspond to the isotropic Heisenberg and Ising models, respectively). The quantum critical values of ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}(\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\ne}1)={\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}^{q}(\ensuremath{\Delta})$ are smaller than those of the classical model ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}(\ensuremath{\Delta}=1)={\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}^{c}=1/4$ (for example, for $\ensuremath{\Delta}=0$, we find ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}^{q}(0)=0.21$). The former monotonically increases with the anisotropy parameter $\ensuremath{\Delta}$. The phase diagram in $T\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\alpha}$ plane presents a second-order transition at ${T}_{2}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ between the AF and paramagnetic (P) phases. The phase transition between the SAF and P phases is of first-order ${T}_{1}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ for all values of $\ensuremath{\Delta}∊[0,1]$. The phase transition lines ${T}_{1}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ and ${T}_{2}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$ merge in a critical end point (CEP) that is dependent on $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ [i.e., ${T}_{\text{CEP}}(\ensuremath{\Delta})$ and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{\text{CEP}}(\ensuremath{\Delta})$ are the temperature and frustration parameters at the CEP]. The ordered phases (AF and SAF) are separated by first-order transitions and exhibit a nontrivial re-entrant behavior at low temperatures.
We study the ground state phase diagram of the bilayer Heisenberg model on a square lattice with a bosonic resonating valence bond (RVB) wavefunction. The wavefunction has the form of a Gutzwiller projected Schwinger boson mean-field ground state and involves two variational parameters. We find the wavefunction provides an accurate description of the system on both sides of the quantum phase transition. In particular, through the analysis of the spin structure factor, ground state fidelity susceptibility and the Binder moment ratio Q(2), a continuous transition from the antiferromagnetic ordered state to the quantum disordered state is found at the critical coupling of α(c) = J(⊥)/J(∥) ≈ 2.62, in good agreement with the result of quantum Monte Carlo simulation. The critical exponent estimated from the finite size scaling analysis (1/ν ≈ 1.4) is consistent with that of the classical 3D Heisenberg universality class.
We study the quantum critical behavior in the antiferromagnetic Heisenberg chain and two-leg Heisenberg ladder resulting from the application of an external magnetic field. In each of these systems a finite-temperature crossover line between two different ferromagnetic phases ends with a quantum critical point at zero temperature. Using the bond-mean-field theory, we calculate the field dependence of the magnetization and the mean-field spin bond parameters in both systems. For the Heisenberg chain, we recover the existing exact results and show in addition that the saturation of the zero-temperature magnetization at the field hc=2J{h}_{c}=2Jhc​=2J is accompanied by a quantum phase transition, where the bond parameter vanishes. Here JJJ is the exchange coupling constant along the chain. For the two-leg ladder, we also recover the known results, like the two magnetization plateaus, and show that at the upper critical field, which corresponds to the appearance of the saturation magnetization plateau, the chain and rung spin bond parameters vanish. The identification of the order parameters that govern the field-induced quantum criticality in the systems we study here constitutes an original contribution. Because no long-range order, which breaks symmetry, characterizes the bond order, the latter could be a proposal for the so-called hidden order. We calculate analytically the bond parameters in both systems as functions of the field in the low- and high-field limits at zero temperature. At nonzero temperatures, the calculation of the magnetization and bond parameters is carried out by solving the mean-field equations numerically.
The frustrated spin-\textonehalf{} J1{J}_{1}J1​-J2{J}_{2}J2​ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the 2D square lattice is a paradigmatic model of quantum magnetism. Despite extensive investigations over the last 30 years, no consensus has emerged for its zero-temperature quantum phase diagram. The authors explore its bilayer J1{J}_{1}J1​-J2{J}_{2}J2​-J1{J}_{1}J1​┴ counterpart by including an exchange coupling J1{J}_{1}J1​┴ between partner sites on the two layers. As well as being of great interest in its own right, the model provides considerable insight into the single-layer case by expanding to a two-parameter regime that includes the monolayer as a single slice.
We study a frustrated spin-$\frac{1}{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{J}_{1}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{J}_{2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{J}_{3}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{J}_{1}^{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ Heisenberg antiferromagnet on an AAAAAA-stacked bilayer honeycomb lattice. In each layer we consider nearest-neighbor (NN), next-nearest-neighbor, and next-next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic (AFM) exchange couplings J1,J2{J}_{1},\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{J}_{2}J1​,J2​, and J3{J}_{3}J3​, respectively. The two layers are coupled with an AFM NN exchange coupling ${J}_{1}^{\ensuremath{\perp}}\ensuremath{\equiv}\ensuremath{\delta}{J}_{1}$. The model is studied for arbitrary values of $\ensuremath{\delta}$ along the line ${J}_{3}={J}_{2}\ensuremath{\equiv}\ensuremath{\alpha}{J}_{1}$ that includes the most highly frustrated point at $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\frac{1}{2}$, where the classical ground state is macroscopically degenerate. The coupled cluster method is used at high orders of approximation to calculate the magnetic order parameter and the triplet spin gap. We are thereby able to give an accurate description of the quantum phase diagram of the model in the $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\delta}$ plane in the window $0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\le}1,\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\le}1$. This includes two AFM phases with N\'eel and striped order, and an intermediate gapped paramagnetic phase that exhibits various forms of valence-bond crystalline order. We obtain accurate estimations of the two phase boundaries, $\ensuremath{\delta}={\ensuremath{\delta}}_{{c}_{i}}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$, or equivalently, $\ensuremath{\alpha}={\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{{c}_{i}}(\ensuremath{\delta})$, with i=1i=1i=1 (N\'eel) and 2 (striped). The two boundaries exhibit an ``avoided crossing'' behavior with both curves being re-entrant. Thus, in this $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\delta}$ window, N\'eel order exists only for values of $\ensuremath{\delta}$ in the range ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{{c}_{1}}^{<}(\ensuremath{\alpha})<\ensuremath{\delta}<{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{{c}_{1}}^{>}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$, with ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{{c}_{1}}^{<}(\ensuremath{\alpha})=0$ for $\ensuremath{\alpha}<{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{{c}_{1}}(0)\ensuremath{\approx}0.46(2)$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{{c}_{1}}^{<}(\ensuremath{\alpha})>0$ for ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{{c}_{1}}(0)<\ensuremath{\alpha}<{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{1}^{>}\ensuremath{\approx}0.49(1)$, and striped order similarly exists only for values of $\ensuremath{\delta}$ in the range ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{{c}_{2}}^{<}(\ensuremath{\alpha})<\ensuremath{\delta}<{\ensuremath{\delta}}_{{c}_{2}}^{>}(\ensuremath{\alpha})$, with ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{{c}_{2}}^{<}(\ensuremath{\alpha})=0$ for $\ensuremath{\alpha}>{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{{c}_{2}}(0)\ensuremath{\approx}0.600(5)$ and ${\ensuremath{\delta}}_{{c}_{2}}^{<}(\ensuremath{\alpha})>0$ for ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{{c}_{2}}(0)>\ensuremath{\alpha}>{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}^{<}\ensuremath{\approx}0.56(1)$.
The behavior of ordered quantum Heisenberg antiferromagnets is analyzed from the nonlinear \ensuremath{\sigma} model in two and three dimensions. Many thermodynamic and dynamic properties are found to be universal at low temperatures and small magnetic fields. Finite-size effects are also investigated in detail; the results should be useful for analyzing numerical work on two-dimensional (2D) quantum antiferromagnets. The X-Y phase transition in 2D which is induced by a magnetic field is discussed. Applications to the ordered phase of solid 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He are also given.