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IEEE International Conference on Photonics

Noise characteristics of non-degenerate optical parametric phase-sensitive amplifier with gain saturation and distributed loss in gain medium

Aly Alounsouliya, Yasuhiro Okamura, Atsushi Takada

Published Mar 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Noise characteristics of non-degenerate optical parametric phase sensitive amplifiers are theoretically investigated using numerical simulation. Quantum properties of noise are taken into account by adding random amplitude to signal as vacuum noise. Amplitude noise suppression owing to gain saturation and its mitigation due to distributed loss in a gain medium are shown.

DOI
10.1109/icp.2016.7510033

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Noise characteristics of non-degenerate optical parametric phase sensitive amplifiers are theoretically investigated using numerical simulation. Quantum properties of noise are taken into account by adding random amplitude to signal as vacuum noise. Amplitude noise suppression owing to gain saturation and its mitigation due to distributed loss in a gain medium are shown.
We analyze the noise characteristics of an optical transmission system repeated by two-mode phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifiers. In such a system, the non-degenerated signal and idler waves co-propagate through the link, interacting with each other in the optical parametric amplifiers. For the first time, we derive a closed-form expression for the accumulated noise using the quantum-mechanical Langevin-equation approach. The derived noise formula allows calculating the noise figure of the optical-amplifier chain under the influence of the internal loss of the amplifiers and the transmission loss of the link, thereby theoretically demonstrating its low-noise characteristics.
We analyze the noise characteristics of an optical transmission system repeated by two-mode phase-sensitive optical parametric amplifiers. In such a system, the non-degenerated signal and idler waves co-propagate through the link, interacting with each other in the optical parametric amplifiers. For the first time, we derive a closed-form expression for the accumulated noise using the quantum-mechanical Langevin-equation approach. The derived noise formula allows calculating the noise figure of the optical-amplifier chain under the influence of the internal loss of the amplifiers and the transmission loss of the link, thereby theoretically demonstrating its low-noise characteristics.
We present a semi-classical approach for predicting the quantum noise properties of fiber optical parametric amplifiers. The unavoidable contributors of noise, vacuum fluctuations, loss-induced noise, and spontaneous Raman scattering, are included in the analysis of both phase-insensitive and phase-sensitive amplifiers. We show that the model agrees with earlier fully quantum approaches in the linear gain regime, whereas in the saturated gain regime, in which the classical equations are valid, we predict that the amplifier increases the signal-to-noise ratio by generating an amplitude-squeezed state of light. Also, in the same process, we analyze the quantum noise properties of the pump, which is difficult using standard quantum approaches, and we discover that the pump displays complicated dynamics in both the linear and the nonlinear gain regimes.
The noise properties of phase sensitive amplifiers based on degenerate four-wave mixing in optical fibers are studied taking into account the quantum noise amplification, the amplitude and phase noise properties of the pump sources. An analytical tool is presented for the direct calculation of the amplifier noise figure also verified by extensive numerical simulations. The signal power dependence of noise figure is both analytically and numerically accented. The need for high speed and precise phase locking is also revealed in order to diminish the effect of phase noise on the noise properties of the amplifier.
Quantum fluctuations in an optical amplifier are of fundamental as well as technological significance and lead to basic limitations on noise performance. It is well-known that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of an injected signal is degraded in the amplification process due to added noise from thermal or (at best) vacuum fluctuations of the internal modes of the amplifier.[1] However, if the internal modes are coupled to a squeezed vacuum, the added noise in amplification can be reduced.[2] With this motivation, we have constructed a nondegenerate parametric amplifier whose idler mode is itself coupled to a squeezed vacuum, which is generated by a second parametric amplifier. Phase-sensitive noise amplification of a vacuum input to the signal mode is observed with the minimum amplified noise level 0.5dB below the usual phase-insensitive amplified noise level for the amplified signal of the same amplifier but with the idler mode coupled to a vacuum state. Prospects for improvement by increasing the squeezing that is coupled into the idler mode of the amplifier beyond the current level of 2dB as well as surprising results from our theoretical analysis which includes losses will be discussed.
We investigate a non-degenerate phase-sensitive amplifier (PSA) operating in gain saturation experimentally and numerically using the three-wave model. The phase-dependent gain and phase-to-phase transfer functions are obtained for different levels of saturation with good agreement between experimental and numerical data when higher-order FWM is small. Moreover, we identify an operating point where the PSA is found to be able to significantly reduce both phase- and amplitude noise simultaneously.