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Chinese Physics Letters

Two-Photon Transitions of 85 Rb 5 D 5/2 State by Using an Optical Frequency Comb and a Continuous-Wave Laser

Cao Shu-Kai, Peng-Rui Fan, Zhang Yi-Chi, Wang Li-Rong, Liantuan Xiao, Jia Suo-Tang

Published Feb 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A high-resolution two-photon spectrum of 5S 1/2 → 5P 3/2 → 5D 5/2 transitions in a thermal 85 Rb vapor cell is presented by using an optical frequency comb and a cw laser. The fluorescence of 6P 3/2 → 5S 1/2 spontaneous emission is detected when the cw laser frequency is scanned from the 5S 1/2 ground state to 5P 3/2 hyperfine levels and the optical frequency comb repetition rate is fixed. The hyperfine splittings (F f = 2–5) of the 5D 5/2 excited state are well resolved. The dependences of fluorescence intensities on the cw laser intensity and temperature of 85 Rb vapor cell are studied, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analyses.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/33/2/023201

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A high-resolution two-photon spectrum of 5S 1/2 → 5P 3/2 → 5D 5/2 transitions in a thermal 85 Rb vapor cell is presented by using an optical frequency comb and a cw laser. The fluorescence of 6P 3/2 → 5S 1/2 spontaneous emission is detected when the cw laser frequency is scanned from the 5S 1/2 ground state to 5P 3/2 hyperfine levels and the optical frequency comb repetition rate is fixed. The hyperfine splittings (F f = 2–5) of the 5D 5/2 excited state are well resolved. The dependences of fluorescence intensities on the cw laser intensity and temperature of 85 Rb vapor cell are studied, respectively. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical analyses.
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Abstract We report on the direct observation of the frequency comb printed in the blue fluorescence excitation spectrum of rubidium vapor induced by the combined action of an ultrashort pulse train and a cw diode laser. Each laser drives one step of the 5S—5P—5D two-photon transition in a copropagating configuration and the excitation spectrum is obtained while the cw-laser frequency is scanned over the rubidium D 2 lines. Measurements of the fluorescence as a function of the diode intensity and atomic density allow us to investigate how the effect of power broadening and absorption of the diode laser blur the excitation process. The experimental results and the printing process of the comb on the Doppler profile are described well by numerical integration of the Bloch equations for a cascade three-level system.
The rubidium $5S\text{\ensuremath{-}}5D$ Doppler-free two-photon transition has been observed in a thermal vapor cell by detecting the infrared radiation emitted during the decay from the 5D5D5D excited level to the 5P5P5P intermediate level. Different to the usual detection scheme based on blue light emission this approach does not suffer from reabsorption and still works at high densities. This not only allows for a dramatically enhanced detectable emission rate but also for investigating collisional effects such as collisional broadening and collisional energy transfer. Furthermore, we observe a yet unknown temperature dependence of the resonance linewidth for transitions into the states of the 5D5/25{D}_{\text{5/2}}5D5/2​ level. Consequences for the design of an optical Rb-frequency standard are discussed.
We investigate the excitation of the 5D_{5/2} level in Rb atoms using counter-propagating laser beams, which are nearly resonant to the one-photon 5S_{1/2} - 5P_{3/2} and 5P_{3/2} - 5D_{5/2} transitions, ensuring that a sum of the optical frequencies corresponds to the 5S_{1/2} - 5D_{5/2} transition. The excitation produced by two-photon and step-wise processes is detected via spontaneously emitted fluorescence at 420 nm arising from the 6P_{3/2} - 5S_{1/2} transition. The dependences of blue fluorescence intensity on atomic density and laser detuning from the intermediate 5P_{3/2} level have been investigated. The sensitivity of the frequency detuned bi-chromatic scheme for atom detection has been estimated. A novel method for sum frequency stabilization of two free-running lasers has been suggested and implemented using two-photon Doppler-free fluorescence and polarization resonances.
The two-photon transition $5S\ensuremath{-}5P\ensuremath{-}5D$ in rubidium vapor is investigated by detecting the fluorescence from the 6P3/26{P}_{3/2}6P3/2​ state when the atomic system is excited by the combined action of a cw diode laser and a frequency comb. The cw laser plays a role as a velocity-selective filter and allows for sub-Doppler spectroscopy over a large spectral range including the 5D3/25{D}_{3/2}5D3/2​ and 5D5/25{D}_{5/2}5D5/2​ states. For a counterpropagating beam configuration, the response of each atomic velocity group is well characterized within the Doppler profile and the excited hyperfine levels are clearly resolved. The contribution of the optical pumping to the direct two-photon process is also revealed. The results are well described in a frequency domain picture by considering the interaction of each velocity group with the cw laser and the modes of the frequency comb.