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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Dressed-state two-photon laser

Daniel J. Gauthier, Qilin Wu, THOMAS W. MOSSBERG

Published May 12, 1991• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Although the possibility of two-photon laser action1,2 was first discussed over 25 years ago, it has been realized only under a very limited set of circumstances3,4 and never under cw optical conditions. This is unfortunate because the two- photon laser has been predicted to display a number of interesting properties,5,6 such as bistable operation, novel threshold behavior, and in some cases squeezing. This situation is primarily a consequence of the presence of competing one-photon processes that occur in the previously considered two-photon gain media.

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Although the possibility of two-photon laser action1,2 was first discussed over 25 years ago, it has been realized only under a very limited set of circumstances3,4 and never under cw optical conditions. This is unfortunate because the two- photon laser has been predicted to display a number of interesting properties,5,6 such as bistable operation, novel threshold behavior, and in some cases squeezing. This situation is primarily a consequence of the presence of competing one-photon processes that occur in the previously considered two-photon gain media.
The two-photon laser represents an entirely new class of quantum optical oscillator that promises to display a wealth of new and exciting nonlinear behavior. For example, the prediction that the turn-on behavior of the laser is indicative of a first-order phase transition was verified in recent studies of the first continuous-wave two-photon laser. In addition, it was found experimentally that the field generated by the laser displayed dynamical instabilities under some conditions. We briefly review the properties of two-photon lasers that are pertinent to its dynamical characteristics and show that many of the interesting properties can be understood from a simple rate-equation model. Also, we describe our efforts at Duke to address the origin of instabilities in two-photon lasers.
We present a detailed theory of dressed-state lasers, i.e., the lasers that operate due to the gain on an inverted transition between dressed states of a coupled atom-field system. We derive effective Hamiltonians that describe such lasers for the case of one- and two-photon resonances. We argue that, due to the presence of nearly resonant intermediate states, the use of gain media consisting of strongly driven two-level atoms provides an unorthodox yet promising means for achieving cw optical two-photon laser oscillation. We disscuss the stability properties of radiation generated by such media.
The possibility of realizing an efficient gaseous laser-beam-generating medium that utilizes $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type coherently phased (i.e., ``dressed'') atoms for the active laser species, but that does not inherently require the use of external laser beams for pumping, is explored. Specifically, it is investigated if multiphoton stimulated hyper-Raman scattering (SHRS) processes driven by fluorescence radiation generated in a continuous electrical discharge present within the vapor-containing cell could produce continuous-wave (cw) optical gain at the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-atom resonance frequencies ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{o}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{o}^{\ensuremath{'}}$. It is deduced that such gain could result from nnn-photon $(n\ensuremath{\geqslant}4)$ SHRS processes only if absorption of fluorescence pump light occurs in the first three transitions of the nnn-photon sequence representing the process unit step. Estimates of the amount of optical gain that could be produced in such a system indicate that it should be sufficient to allow multiwatt cw laser operation to occur on one set of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ transitions connecting levels in a ``double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$'' structure, with the pump light being discharge-produced fluorescence centered about the transitions of the other $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ pair. However, to initiate operation of such a device would require injection into the laser optical cavity of intense ``starter'' laser pulses at both lasing frequencies. What should be an optimal experimental configuration for determining feasibility of the proposed laser device is described. In the suggested configuration, Cs-atom $6{S}_{1∕2}\text{\ensuremath{-}}6{P}_{1∕2}$ transitions form the double-$\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ structure.