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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Accumulated Photon-Echo Measurements In Ruby under Hydrostatic Pressure

M.H.F. Overwijk, J. I. Dijkhuis, H. W. de Wijn, Rob Vreeker, Rudolf Sprik, Ad Lagendijk

Published Apr 24, 1989• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Photon-echo techniques are widely applied nowadays to study optically active ions in solids. The first photon echoes were observed for the R1 transition in ruby (Al2O3: Cr3+) by Kurnit et al1 using the high-power pulses of a ruby laser. Very recently,2 phase relaxation of both the R1 and R2 transitions in ruby was studied at 1.5 K and ambient pressure. Here, use was ma.de of the technique of accun1ulated photon echo,3 which despite the low average laser power offers greatly enhanced detection sensitivity by virtue of the high repetition rate.

Related papers

Accumulated photon echo in ruby under hydrostatic pressure: Ground-state splitting and spontaneous decay of 2A¯ (2 E)

M.H.F. Overwijk, J. I. Dijkhuis, H. W. de Wijn +3 more

The technique of accumulated photon echo is used in combination with a high-pressure diamond anvil cell to measure the splitting of the $^{4}$${\mathit{A}}_{2}$ ground state and the one-phonon spontaneous decay rate of the 2A\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}${(}^{2}$E) level at 1.5 K in ruby up to 4.3 GPa of hydrostatic pressure. The $^{4}$${\mathit{A}}_{2}$ ground-state splitting is found to be 0.383\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ at ambient pressure, and increases with a slope of +(6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$/GPa. The spontaneous decay rate of 2A\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}${(}^{2}$E) increases only weakly with pressure. The pressure dependences of both quantities are accounted for in terms of the trigonal-field and spin-orbit-coupling parameters.

Physical review. B, Condensed matter•Jun 1, 1991•1 citation

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Modulations of the intensity of two-pulse photon echoes due to ultrasonic waves are described for alexandrite and ruby. Enhancements (up to a factor of 8) of the echo intensity are observed. The main features of the echo intensity changes are well described by a model in which the ultrasonic waves modulate the optical transition frequencies of the echo-producing ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ ions effecting a spatially dependent phase accumulation which compensates for the phase mismatch.

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Theoretical and experimental studies of photon-echo modulation for the four σ transitions of the R1 line in ruby with an on-axis magnetic field are described. Echoes originating from the Cr3+ ground-state 4A2 (−3/2) spin level (−3/2 echo) are studied for the first time. Unlike ±½ echoes, the −3/2-echo modulation is found to be dominated by Cr–Al interactions occurring outside the 13 inner-shell ions. The +½-echo modulation is observed to be in major disagreement with the theory using previously determined superhyperfine parameters. Regression-analysis studies indicate that this cannot be due solely to parameter errors. Finite nuclear linewidths and/or optical pumping effects are shown to be a plausible source of the disagreement.

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Keith W. Ver Steeg, Roger J. Reeves, Richard C. Powell

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A new diagnostic to detect the occurrence of an Anderson transition, using photon echoes, is proposed and experimentally tested for the ${R}_{1}$ line in ruby. A search for mobility edges in samples up to 0.1 wt.% ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ concentration was unsuccessful.

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Stark-induced optical transients in ruby

Arthur G. Szabo, Martin Kroll

Extension of the Brewer-Shoemaker technique of Stark-induced optical transients to a solid-ruby-is reported. Optical free-induction decay and photon echoes, as well as the first observation of an optical edge echo, have been obtained.

Optics Letters•Jan 1, 1978•38 citations
Photon-echo techniques are widely applied nowadays to study optically active ions in solids. The first photon echoes were observed for the R1 transition in ruby (Al2O3: Cr3+) by Kurnit et al1 using the high-power pulses of a ruby laser. Very recently,2 phase relaxation of both the R1 and R2 transitions in ruby was studied at 1.5 K and ambient pressure. Here, use was ma.de of the technique of accun1ulated photon echo,3 which despite the low average laser power offers greatly enhanced detection sensitivity by virtue of the high repetition rate.
The technique of accumulated photon echo is used in combination with a high-pressure diamond anvil cell to measure the splitting of the 4^{4}4A2{\mathit{A}}_{2}A2​ ground state and the one-phonon spontaneous decay rate of the 2A\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}(2{(}^{2}(2E) level at 1.5 K in ruby up to 4.3 GPa of hydrostatic pressure. The 4^{4}4A2{\mathit{A}}_{2}A2​ ground-state splitting is found to be 0.383\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.001 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ at ambient pressure, and increases with a slope of +(6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$/GPa. The spontaneous decay rate of 2A\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}(2{(}^{2}(2E) increases only weakly with pressure. The pressure dependences of both quantities are accounted for in terms of the trigonal-field and spin-orbit-coupling parameters.
Modulations of the intensity of two-pulse photon echoes due to ultrasonic waves are described for alexandrite and ruby. Enhancements (up to a factor of 8) of the echo intensity are observed. The main features of the echo intensity changes are well described by a model in which the ultrasonic waves modulate the optical transition frequencies of the echo-producing Cr3+{\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}Cr3+ ions effecting a spatially dependent phase accumulation which compensates for the phase mismatch.
Theoretical and experimental studies of photon-echo modulation for the four σ transitions of the R1 line in ruby with an on-axis magnetic field are described. Echoes originating from the Cr3+ ground-state 4A2 (−3/2) spin level (−3/2 echo) are studied for the first time. Unlike ±½ echoes, the −3/2-echo modulation is found to be dominated by Cr–Al interactions occurring outside the 13 inner-shell ions. The +½-echo modulation is observed to be in major disagreement with the theory using previously determined superhyperfine parameters. Regression-analysis studies indicate that this cannot be due solely to parameter errors. Finite nuclear linewidths and/or optical pumping effects are shown to be a plausible source of the disagreement.
Accumulated photon echoes (APE) were used to measure the dephasing rates of Nd3+ in various inorganic glasses as a function of excitation wavelength, sample temperature, and laser power. Although dephasing processes of optical transitions in solids are of considerable interest, they are poorly understood, largely due to the lack of experimental data on femtosecond and picosecond time scales. The APE technique using sub-picosecond laser sources has made it possible to measure in the time domain dephasing rates of inhomogeneously broadened transitions in amorphous systems.1,2
A new diagnostic to detect the occurrence of an Anderson transition, using photon echoes, is proposed and experimentally tested for the R1{R}_{1}R1​ line in ruby. A search for mobility edges in samples up to 0.1 wt.% Cr2{\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}Cr2​O3{\mathrm{O}}_{3}O3​ concentration was unsuccessful.