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Observation of long range intensity correlation in the transport of coherent light through a random medium

Meint P. van Albada, Johannes F. de Boer, Ad Lagendijk

Published May 21, 1990• 25 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We report experimental proof for the buildup of long range intensity correlations in the multiple scattering of classical waves, on the basis of a study of frequency-dependent intensity fluctuations in the transmitted wave, in experiments where coherent light is scattered by slabs of randomly distributed TiO2/air. Using different detection geometries, we measured fluctuations in tαβ and where tαβ is the transmission coefficient coupling the incoming channel α to the outgoing channel β.

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We report experimental proof for the buildup of long range intensity correlations in the multiple scattering of classical waves, on the basis of a study of frequency-dependent intensity fluctuations in the transmitted wave, in experiments where coherent light is scattered by slabs of randomly distributed TiO2/air. Using different detection geometries, we measured fluctuations in tαβ and where tαβ is the transmission coefficient coupling the incoming channel α to the outgoing channel β.
We have measured the correlation in frequency-dependent intensity fluctuations in the total transmission through random dielectric samples, using visible light in a (essentially) plane-wave geometry. The correlation function, of which the width at half maximum is proportional to ${\mathit{L}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ (L is the thickness of the sample), decays as (\ensuremath{\Delta}\ensuremath{\omega}${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1/2}$. This constitutes the experimental proof for the buildup of long-range intensity correlations in the propagation of classical waves by multiple scattering.
The paper presents the first experimental study of the propagation of quantum noise through an elastic, multiple scattering medium. Two different types of quantum noise measurements have been carried out: total transmission and short-range frequency correlations. When comparing shot noise (quantum) to technical noise (classical) a markedly different behavior is observed. The experimental results are found to be in agreement with a quantum model for multiple scattering of light, which allows extracting both static and dynamic scattering properties of the medium. A new quantum correlation in multiple scattering is proposed.
We present an experimental study of the propagation of quantum noise in a multiple scattering random medium. Both static and dynamic scattering measurements are performed: the total transmission of noise is related to the mean free path for scattering, while the noise frequency correlation function determines the diffusion constant. The quantum noise observables are found to scale markedly differently with scattering parameters compared to classical noise observables. The measurements are explained with a full quantum model of multiple scattering.
Propagating quadrature squeezed light through a multiple scattering random medium is found to induce pronounced spatial quantum correlations that have no classical analogue. The correlations are revealed in the number of photons transported through the sample that can be measured from the intensity fluctuations of the total transmission or reflection. In contrast, no pronounced spatial quantum correlations appear in the quadrature amplitudes where excess noise above the shot noise level is found.
The authors demonstrates that spatial quantum correlations are induced by multiple scattering of quadrature squeezed light through a random medium. As a consequence, light scattered along two different directions by the random medium will not be independent, but be correlated to an extent that can only be described by a quantum mechanical theory for multiple scattering. The spatial quantum correlation is revealed in the fluctuations of the total intensity transmission or reflection through the multiple scattering medium.