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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Modulation-induced multitransparency and high-order frequency mixing in a two-level atomic system

A. E. Kaplan, E. Hudis

Published May 22, 1995• 0 citations
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Resonance Behavior of a Two-Level Atom Driven by Amplitude- or Frequency-Modulated Fields

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Springer eBooks•Jan 1, 1990•0 citations
The induced transparency was proposed recently in X. Guo et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 123902 (2016)] based on a three-wave mixing system. In this paper, we find the double- and multitransparency window can also be observed in this system. The zero-absorption point and profile of the transparency window and the transform of single- and double-transparency window can be controlled by only adjusting the detunings between the laser and the corresponding cavity modes, which is different from the previous studies. A practical application of the three-wave-mixing-induced transparency is to measure the nonlinear coefficient, and the controllable absorption profiles can be employed to engineer a high quality factor of the cavity.
We investigate nonlinear wave mixing in two-level atoms wherein, using a dressed state formalism, it is shown that the signal arises as a consequence of quantum interference between relevant probability amplitudes for photon emission. We then report a theoretical study of the modifications that are induced in the four-wave mixing signals when the transition frequency of the atoms is stochastically modulated. Such modulations, which arise from perturbations in the immediate environment of the atoms, are shown to cause significant alterations in the nonlinear response of the atoms. We also describe how one can, via an investigation of the four-wave mixing signal, differentiate between Markov and non-Markov fluctuations in the transition frequency of the two-level system. The calculations rely on a recently developed Monte Carlo procedure that can be used to obtain exact solutions to a wide variety of spectroscopic problems, with minimal restrictions on atom, field, and noise parameters.
This work contains theoretical and experimental studies of the properties of three-level atoms subjected to two single-frequency, continuous-wave laser sources with special emphasis on magnetic-field-induced sum frequency mixing (SFM) and electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT). In sodium vapour, two resonant-enhancement routes for SFM were experimentally studied. In one route (3S-3P-3D) the output is generated on a quadrupole-allowed transition and on the other (3S-3P-4P), a dipole-allowed transition. Phase matching conditions are studied in detail. On the second route, the two contributions to the phase mismatch can combine to heavily distort the spectroscopic lineshapes observed. Doubly-resonant SFM is considered and two paths for excitation of the output coherence are identified. Control of their relative strength, via the input laser strengths, is predicted, as well as interference between them. These are both experimentally observed on the 3S1/2-3P1/2-3D3/2 transition scheme in sodium. Theory is presented to show how the use of a strong upper laser in resonant SFM can, by EIT, greatly reduce the absorption on the lower transition without similarly reducing the nonlinear process. A significant increase in conversion efficiency is predicted. Theory is also presented on the inclusion of the local field correction, which is relevant for high vapour densities, in the Bloch equations for the three-level atom. Nonlinear coherence cross-coupling terms arise and the generalised equations are then used for two case studies; one concerning EIT, the other SFM. EIT is experimentally studied using continuous-wave lasers in rubidium vapour. Focusing and de-focusing were observed on the probe laser beam as it tunes through the transparency window at close, but separate, detunings. This is attributed to the radial intensity profile of the coupling laser which imposes a spatial refractive index modulation on the medium at the probe laser wavelength.