Abstract : The mathematical algorithms and programs for the study of the resonant light-matter interactions in the multi-component and multilevel media and photonic bandgap structures have been developed. The optimal component distribution in the two-component media have been found to get a pulse of a superradiative emission of the highest intensity. The mathematical algorithms and programs for the study of the femtosecond pulse propagation in an extended medium of the two-level atoms have developed. The regime of the inversionless superradiance in the two-component superradiative medium has been investigated. The theory of the superradiance by an ensemble of the two-level atoms embedded in the dielectric host was developed. It was shown that the near dipole-dipole interaction of dense collection of two-level atoms is enhanced by the presence of the host material, decreasing the pulse temporal width and increasing the peak pulse intensity of superradiative emission. The theory of nonlinear light-matter interaction in multidimensional resonant photonic crystals under Bragg diffraction condition has been developed. It was obtained the analytical and numerical solutions describing the novel kinds of nonlinear solitary waves: the Laue soliton, O-field, propagating and standing gap solitary waves. It has been described the spatio-temporal nonlinear dynamics of coherent field in periodic resonant structures with arbitrary modulation of atomic density and gain gratings.