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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Quantum images and wave-particle aspects in nonlinear optical patterns

L. A. Lugiato, A. Gatti, G. Grynberg

Published May 22, 1995• 0 citations
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Abstract

Optical systems are macroscopic, but they are able to display relevant quantum effects, even at room temperatures. This feature makes optics special with respect to other disciplines (e.g. hydrodynamics and nonlinear chemical reactions), which are more traditional in the study of pattern formation phenomena. Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in the analysis of spatial aspects of squeezing, and of quantum effects in nonlinear optical patterns.1-4

Related papers

Quantum Picture of Nonlinear Optical Patterns

A. Gatti, L. A. Lugiato, Irene Marzoli +3 more

The recent investigations on quantum effects in nonlinear optical patterns and spatial aspect of squeezing have focused on the concept of quantum image [1,2,3]. These are very noisy images images, dominated by quantum fluctuations and can be revealed either 1) by high frequency observation, which is able to reveal the fast dynamics of fluctuations, or 2) by low frequency observation, by measuring the spatial correlation function. This displays a regular modulation, which anticipates the stripe pattern that appear above threshold [4], while the intensity distribution is uniform on average.

Nonlinear Optics•Jan 1, 1996•0 citations

Nonlinear optical patterns: classical and quantum effects, perspectives for applications

L. A. Lugiato, Stephen Mark Barnett, Massimo Brambilla +7 more

We introduce the field of transverse nonlinear optics, and discuss some perspectives for applications, namely the use of spatial solitons for parallel information processing, femtojoule switching and logic gates in vertical cavity surface emitting lasers. We illustrate the quantum aspects of nonlinear optical patterns, focusing on quantum images and critical fluctuations in the degenerate optical parametric oscillator below threshold.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences•Mar 15, 1996•6 citations

Quantum Picture of Optical Patterns: Complementarity and Wave-Particle Aspects

L. A. Lugiato, G. Grynberg

We consider a model of degenerate optical parametric oscillator which includes the possibility of an arbitrary level of breaking of the translational symmetry. On the basis of the example of the stripe pattern, we examine the impact of quantum noise on nonlinear optical patterns. We define and focus on the phenomenon of quantum image and show that, in the present example, it is related to the wave and particle aspects of the e.m. radiation.

Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Mar 20, 1995•35 citations

Introduction

Gian‐Luca Oppo, Luigi A. Lugiato

Homogeneous, periodic, quasiperiodic, irregular and disordered spatial structures have been at the heart of scientific interest and research for a long time and in many disciplines as diverse as chemistry, physics, biology and morphology. Some recent, spectacular achievements in experimental quantum optics have, however, made it possible to study quantum effects in a variety of spatial structures. The main aim of this Focus Issue is to present some of the most recent theoretical, numerical and experimental progresses in the area of Quantum Structures, i.e. spatial structures that display quantum features. A short background overview of Quantum Structures is provided at the beginning of this Focus Issue, in which individual authors' works are specifically commented. In brief, we can say that the articles can be catalogued into two main areas of research interest in Quantum Structures: quantum effects in spatial structures in nonlinear optics, and in atomic physics.

Optics Express•Jul 20, 1998•2 citations

Quantum structures in nonlinear optics and atomic physics: a background overview

Luigi A. Lugiato, Gian‐Luca Oppo

A brief overview of quantum effects in spatial structures such as nonlinear optical patterns, chains of trapped ions and atoms in optical lattices is presented. Some of the main results of the contributions to this Focus Issue are also briefly described.

Optics Express•Jul 20, 1998•2 citations

Phase Doubling and Entanglement Generation in Coherent Matter-Wave Reactions

Shu Nagata

Chemical reactions in a statistical ensemble are conventionally regarded as incoherent processes driven by thermodynamics. In the classical regime, reactions are expected to proceed faster at high temperatures and slow to a halt in the zero-temperature limit according to Arrhenius kinetics. In the quantum degenerate regime, where bosonic atoms and molecules form coherent matter waves, reactions are instead described by nonlinear mixing of matter-wave fields, leading to collectively-enhanced reaction rates and coherent amplification. This raises the question: how does the matter-wave phase evolve during a reaction, and how can it influence reaction dynamics? In the quantum regime, the matter-wave phases of the reactants and products are expected to match through wave mixing, analogous to phase matching of photonic fields in nonlinear optics.\par We report the observation of phase coherent reaction dynamics of Bose-condensed atoms and molecules near a Feshbach resonance. Using matter wave diffraction with optical lattices, we verify spatial coherence of both reactants and products and observe phase doubling when atomic waves combine into molecular waves - the matter-wave analogue of second-harmonic generation. The diffraction patterns also reveal distinct signatures of entanglement generated between reacting particles as the reaction is initiated. Our observations establish phase coherence and entanglement as two essential features of "quantum many-body chemistry" where macroscopic quantum fields govern the reaction dynamics.

•Jun 1, 2026•0 citations
Optical systems are macroscopic, but they are able to display relevant quantum effects, even at room temperatures. This feature makes optics special with respect to other disciplines (e.g. hydrodynamics and nonlinear chemical reactions), which are more traditional in the study of pattern formation phenomena. Recent years have witnessed an increasing interest in the analysis of spatial aspects of squeezing, and of quantum effects in nonlinear optical patterns.1-4
The recent investigations on quantum effects in nonlinear optical patterns and spatial aspect of squeezing have focused on the concept of quantum image [1,2,3]. These are very noisy images images, dominated by quantum fluctuations and can be revealed either 1) by high frequency observation, which is able to reveal the fast dynamics of fluctuations, or 2) by low frequency observation, by measuring the spatial correlation function. This displays a regular modulation, which anticipates the stripe pattern that appear above threshold [4], while the intensity distribution is uniform on average.
Homogeneous, periodic, quasiperiodic, irregular and disordered spatial structures have been at the heart of scientific interest and research for a long time and in many disciplines as diverse as chemistry, physics, biology and morphology. Some recent, spectacular achievements in experimental quantum optics have, however, made it possible to study quantum effects in a variety of spatial structures. The main aim of this Focus Issue is to present some of the most recent theoretical, numerical and experimental progresses in the area of Quantum Structures, i.e. spatial structures that display quantum features. A short background overview of Quantum Structures is provided at the beginning of this Focus Issue, in which individual authors' works are specifically commented. In brief, we can say that the articles can be catalogued into two main areas of research interest in Quantum Structures: quantum effects in spatial structures in nonlinear optics, and in atomic physics.
Chemical reactions in a statistical ensemble are conventionally regarded as incoherent processes driven by thermodynamics. In the classical regime, reactions are expected to proceed faster at high temperatures and slow to a halt in the zero-temperature limit according to Arrhenius kinetics. In the quantum degenerate regime, where bosonic atoms and molecules form coherent matter waves, reactions are instead described by nonlinear mixing of matter-wave fields, leading to collectively-enhanced reaction rates and coherent amplification. This raises the question: how does the matter-wave phase evolve during a reaction, and how can it influence reaction dynamics? In the quantum regime, the matter-wave phases of the reactants and products are expected to match through wave mixing, analogous to phase matching of photonic fields in nonlinear optics.\par We report the observation of phase coherent reaction dynamics of Bose-condensed atoms and molecules near a Feshbach resonance. Using matter wave diffraction with optical lattices, we verify spatial coherence of both reactants and products and observe phase doubling when atomic waves combine into molecular waves - the matter-wave analogue of second-harmonic generation. The diffraction patterns also reveal distinct signatures of entanglement generated between reacting particles as the reaction is initiated. Our observations establish phase coherence and entanglement as two essential features of "quantum many-body chemistry" where macroscopic quantum fields govern the reaction dynamics.