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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Dynamics and spectra of laser-driven atoms coupled to a frequency-dependent vacuum reservoir

A. Lezama, Yifu Zhu, S. Morin, THOMAS W. MOSSBERG, Maciej Lewenstein

Published Apr 24, 1989• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We have studied the behavior of two-levellike Ba atoms driven by a strong near-resonant excitation field and coupled to a cavity modified frequency-dependent vacuum reservoir.1,2 Several interesting effects are observed. By tuning the cavity, it is found that the steady state level of atomic excitation can be increased or decreased relative to the free-space norm.

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We have studied the behavior of two-levellike Ba atoms driven by a strong near-resonant excitation field and coupled to a cavity modified frequency-dependent vacuum reservoir.1,2 Several interesting effects are observed. By tuning the cavity, it is found that the steady state level of atomic excitation can be increased or decreased relative to the free-space norm.
The steady-state behavior of two-level atoms, driven by a strong field and relaxing into a frequency-dependent vacuum reservoir, has been studied in an experiment involving Ba atoms in a confocal cavity. Enhancement or suppression of the atomic excitation is observed when the cavity is tuned to either of the strong-field fluorescence sidebands. These effects result from a redistribution of the population among the dressed atom-field states induced by the cavity-modified vacuum field. The enhancement effect may be useful in achieving significant steady-state inversion.
Interesting new aspects of atomic behavior in the presence of strong driving fields appear when the driven atom resides not in free space, but in a region (such as an optical cavity) that displays a frequency-dependent photon-mode density. Under such conditions, it is found that a strong driving field can modify the spontaneous decay properties of an atom, and thereby give rise to interesting new features in the spectrum of strong-field resonance fluorescence. It is also found that a high level of dressed-state polarization can be maintained in a sample of resonantly or nonresonantly driven atoms by appropriate tuning of an enclosing cavity. Furthermore, for appropriate laser and cavity tunings, it is found that the atomic states become highly squeezed. In the course of analyzing these effects, a set of modified Bloch equations is derived that explicitly accounts for the finite response time associated with a frequency-dependent photon-mode density.
We study the quantum dynamics of an array of coherently driven two-level atoms coupled to an optical resonator. In the strong coupling regime the cavity field generated by atomic scattering interferes destructively with the pump on the atoms. In this configuration atomic excitation is suppressed even for strong driving fields, while the stationary intracavity field amplitude is almost independent of the atom number. The magnitude of this interference effect depends on the detuning between laser and cavity field and on the relative atomic positions and is strongest when the atoms are ordered in a wavelength spaced lattice placed at the antinodes of the cavity mode. In this case three dimensional intensity minima are created in the vicinity of each atom. We analyze the mechanical forces in the regime where the interference condition is fulfilled, and show that the atomic pattern is mechanically stable whenever the driving frequency is red detuned with respect to the cavity frequency, irrespective of the atomic transition frequency
There is increasing interest in the photon statistics and spectroscopic properties of the radiation from atoms confined in an optical cavity. Effects such as the cavity enhancement and inhibition of spontaneous emission, which were first observed using microwave cavities, have recently been measured at optical frequencies.1 Recent measurements of squeezing and the dynamic effects of single-quantum-level splittings also demonstrate the possibilities for quantum-statistical studies of coupled atom-cavity systems at optical frequencies.2 We study a single two-level atom confined inside an optical cavity which is driven by coherent light in resonance with both cavity and atom. For weak driving field intensities we have calculated the spectrum of the light transmitted by the cavity and fluorescence out the sides of the cavity.