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Laser Physics

Steady-state bipartite entanglement supported by a squeezed environment

M. Ali Can, Özgür Çakır, Ali Can Günhan, Alexander A. Klyachko, Namik Kemal Pak, A.S. Shumovsky

Published May 1, 2005• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

We examine the entanglement of two atoms induced by an external quantum system. Both two-level atoms are coupled to a third two-level system by dipole interaction, and the third system is under the influence of a certain environment. We examine different types of environments and show that the steady-state bipartite entanglement can be achieved. We show that a strongly fluctuating environment is more preferable because the transmission of quantum fluctuations to the atomic system creates and supports steady-state entanglement with a higher amount of concurrence than a nonfluctuating environment or an environment with strong classical fluctuations. Copyright © 2005 by MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica" (Russia).

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We examine the entanglement of two atoms induced by an external quantum system. Both two-level atoms are coupled to a third two-level system by dipole interaction, and the third system is under the influence of a certain environment. We examine different types of environments and show that the steady-state bipartite entanglement can be achieved. We show that a strongly fluctuating environment is more preferable because the transmission of quantum fluctuations to the atomic system creates and supports steady-state entanglement with a higher amount of concurrence than a nonfluctuating environment or an environment with strong classical fluctuations. Copyright © 2005 by MAIK "Nauka/Interperiodica" (Russia).
In this thesis, we examine steady-state entanglement in bipartite systems. In the uprising field of quantum technologies, entanglement is a vital resource. In general, environmental effects are thought to be detrimental for entanglement. Counterintuitively, the interaction with an environment can also generate entanglement in special situations. The idea to prepare entanglement dissipatively in the steady-state by exploiting this interaction poses an alternative approach for creating entanglement. We focus on the influence of non-Markovian environments on the steady-state entanglement in this thesis. Amongst other things, we show how a dissipative ancilla system can be used to increase the entanglement in the steady-state of a bipartite system.
A system of two two-level atoms interacting with a squeezed vacuum field can exhibit stationary entanglement associated with nonclassical two-photon correlations characteristic of the squeezed vacuum field. The amount of entanglement present in the system is quantified by the well known measure of entanglement called concurrence. We find analytical formulas describing the concurrence for two identical and nonidentical atoms and show that it is possible to obtain a large degree of steady-state entanglement in the system. Necessary conditions for the entanglement are nonclassical two-photon correlations and nonzero collective decay. It is shown that nonidentical atoms are a better source of stationary entanglement than identical atoms. We discuss the optimal physical conditions for creating entanglement in the system, in particular, it is shown that there is an optimal and rather small value of the mean photon number required for creating entanglement.
The dynamics of entanglement between two-level atoms interacting with a common squeezed reservoir is investigated. It is shown that for spatially separated atoms there is a unique asymptotic state depending on the distance between the atoms and the atom-photons detuning. In the regime of strong correlations there is a one-parameter family of asymptotic steady states depending on the initial conditions. In contrast to the thermal reservoir, both types of asymptotic states can be entangled. We calculate the amount of entanglement in the system in terms of concurrence.
The dynamics of appearance of a steady entangled state in an ensemble of two collectively decaying two-level atoms is studied on the basis of the Peres-Horodecki criterion with regard to the dipole-dipole interaction between the atoms and their frequency detuning. It is ascertained that, in the absence of dipole-dipole interaction, the steady-state entanglement is in many respects due to the coincidence of the frequencies of transitions in the atoms, whereas a difference in the frequencies, related to different positions of the atoms in a crystal or their thermal motion, destroys the steady-state entanglement. Upon a dipole-dipole interaction, a steady-state entanglement also exists and, in this case, depends strongly on the relationship between the magnitude of the dipole-dipole interaction, the constant of coupling with a thermostat, and the phase of the resonance wave; the entanglement appears only when the thermostat coupling constant is dominant.
A new mechanism of development of quantum correlations due to the combined effects of a common heat bath and a resonant classical electromagnetic field is analyzed for a system of two two-level atoms coupled by dipole-dipole interaction. Conditions are found under which arbitrary steady-state entanglement can be created in the absence of measurement in an entangled basis. The analysis of dynamics of entanglement is focused on the effects of dipole-dipole interaction, mean number of thermal photons, degree of squeezing of thermal radiation, classical field strength, and presence of additional decay channels.
Using a nonperturbative method, we study the exact entanglement dynamics of two two-level dipole-dipole interacting atoms coupled to a common non-Markovian reservoir with different coupling strengths. Besides analyzing the conditions for the existence of a steady state, we find that, although the dipole-dipole interaction could destroy the stationary entanglement, a relatively strong dipole-dipole interaction does suppress disentanglement in the initial period of time. These results are helpful for the practical engineering of entanglement in the future.