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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Quantum analysis of a beam splitter with second-order nonlinearity and generation of nonclassical light

Hari Prakash, Devendra Kumar Mishra

Published Jun 24, 2016• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quantum mechanical model of a beam splitter having second-order nonlinearity is proposed and shows that nonclassical features such as squeezing and sub-Poissonian photon statistics of optical fields can be generated in output second-harmonic mode when we mix coherent light beams via such a nonlinear beam splitter.
DOI
10.1364/josab.33.001552

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The second-order coherence of optical fields at output ports of a beam splitter is investigated. The properties of the second-order coherence are not only strongly dependent on the input states but also quite involved with the nature of the beam splitter. When parameters of both the input states and the beam splitter are chosen appropriately, the fields at the output ports will exhibit quantum behaviour. Between the two output modes, there stands mode–mode correlation which can even be anticorrelation. Some nonclassical properties, such as the photon antibunching effect of the input fields, may be destroyed by the beam splitter.
The familiar input-output relations for an optical beam splitter are generalized to allow for linear absorption by the medium forming the mirror. Beam-splitter losses generally affect the noise levels detectable in experiments involving nonclassical light. When employed to investigate two-photon interference effects, a lossy beam splitter can lead to apparent nonlinear absorption, which, in the most extreme case, leads to either both or neither of the photons being absorbed. The degree of second-order coherence of antibunched light can be maintained on transmission through the beam splitter but any amplitude squeezing in the incident light is degraded.
Nonclassical properties exhibited by a chain of cavity modes second harmonic generation in coupled oscillators system, designed by using multichannel optical waveguides, is explored. The solution for the Hamiltonian of the coupled-modes driven by coherent excitation is obtained via an exact formulation of the normal-ordered Fokker-Planck equation. Nonclassical effects, namely the sub-Poissonian photons, squeezing and entanglement are noticed. Multichannel coupling of the coupled oscillators induces new possibilities for correlation between the modes in different channels, henceforth, provides an effective way towards manipulation of quantum light.
Statistical properties of light generated in nonlinear optical couplers are discussed. Methods suitable for the description of non-classical properties of light are mentioned; special attention is paid to generalized superposition of coherent fields and noise. Regimes suitable for non-classical light generation in various types of nonlinear couplers based on second-harmonic and second- subharmonic generation, optical parametric processes, Kerr effect as well as Raman and Brillouin processes are analyzed. Special attention is devoted to the generation of light with sub-Poissonian statistics, squeezed light, and light in purely quantum states. Role of real effects like damping of optical fields and phase mismatches is also discussed.