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Optics Express

High conversion efficiency in resonant four-wave mixing processes

Chin-Yuan Lee, Bo-Han Wu, Gang Wang, Yong-Fang Chen, Ying-Cheng Chen, Ite A. Yu

Published Jan 12, 2016• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a new scheme of the resonant four-wave mixing (FWM) for the frequency up or down conversion, which is more efficient than the commonly-used scheme of the non-resonant FWM. In this new scheme, two control fields are spatially varied such that a probe field at the input can be converted to a signal field at the output. The efficiency of probe-to-signal energy conversion can be 90% at medium's optical depth of about 100. Our proposed scheme works for both the continuous-wave and pulse cases, and is flexible in choosing the control field intensity. This work provides a very useful tool in the nonlinear frequency conversion.

DOI
10.1364/oe.24.001008

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arXiv:2012.08070•Optics Letters•Jan 4, 2021•22 citations
We propose a new scheme of the resonant four-wave mixing (FWM) for the frequency up or down conversion, which is more efficient than the commonly-used scheme of the non-resonant FWM. In this new scheme, two control fields are spatially varied such that a probe field at the input can be converted to a signal field at the output. The efficiency of probe-to-signal energy conversion can be 90% at medium's optical depth of about 100. Our proposed scheme works for both the continuous-wave and pulse cases, and is flexible in choosing the control field intensity. This work provides a very useful tool in the nonlinear frequency conversion.
We theoretically investigate a N-type 87Rb atomic system for efficient generation and control of a non-degenerate Four wave mixing (FWM) signal in pulsed regime. The susceptibility of the atomic medium is customized as a gain profile by a weak probe field and two strong control fields which allow us to generate the pulsed FWM signal. We study the propagation dynamics of the generated FWM signal inside the nonlinear medium. The FWM signal obtains the exact shape of probe pulse and travels without changing the shape whereas the probe pulse is absorbed inside the nonlinear medium. The conversion efficiency of this scheme without a MW field is 5.8% which can be enhanced further by changing the control field intensity and optical depth. However, a MW field that couples two metastable ground states enhances the conversion efficiency three times (15.55%). The generation and control of such FWM signal in pulsed regime has important applications in signal processing, optical communication and quantum information science.
Abstract We theoretically investigate a N-type 87Rb atomic system for efficient generation and control of a non-degenerate four wave mixing (FWM) signal in pulsed regime. The susceptibility of the atomic medium is customized as a gain profile by a weak probe pulse and two strong continuous wave control fields which allow us to generate the pulsed FWM signal. We study the propagation dynamics of the generated FWM signal inside the nonlinear medium. The FWM signal obtains the exact shape of the probe pulse and travels without changing the shape whereas, the probe pulse is absorbed inside the nonlinear medium. The conversion efficiency of this scheme without a MW field is 5.36%. However, a MW field that couples two metastable ground states enhances the conversion efficiency to 20.6%. The generation and control of such FWM signal in pulsed regime has important applications in signal processing, optical communication and information science.
We investigate the nonlinear frequency conversion of nondiffracting optical modes via a nondegenerate four-wave mixing (FWM) process in rubidium vapor. In this process, two strong control fields and a weak probe field mutually interact via a four-level double-$\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ type atomic system to produce a low frequency weak Stokes field which is a phase conjugate to probe. We show that any arbitrary mode such as Airy, Bessel, Mathieu, and Weber beams encoded initially in the spatial envelope of the probe field are efficiently transferred to the FWM Stokes field by satisfying the phase-matching condition. Interestingly, we found that the transmitted intensity profiles of the Stokes beam are identical to that of the probe beam, while the phase profile is complementary. The phase conjugation property of output beams is revealed by interfering them with a copropagating plane wave. We further found the fidelity in terms of structural similarity between two transmitted modes of about 9999%99, which substantiates the high efficiency of the FWM process. The efficient transfer and frequency conversion of such diffraction-free beams may have potential applications in nonlinear optical and quantum technologies.
Abstract We investigate the nonlinear frequency conversion of non-diffracting optical modes via non-degenerate four-wave mixing(FWM) process in rubidium vapor. In this process, two strong control fields and a weak probe field mutually interact via afour-level double-Λ type atomic system to produce a new frequency weak Stokes field which is a phase conjugate to probe. We show that any arbitrary mode such as Airy, Bessel, Mathieu, and Weber beams encoded initially in the spatial envelope of probe field are efficiently transferred to FWM Stokes field by satisfying the phase matching condition. Interestingly, we found that the transmitted intensity profiles of Stokes beam are identical to that of probe beam while phase profile is complimentary.The phase conjugation property of output beams is revealed by interfering them with a copropagating plane wave. We further found the fidelity in terms of structural similarity between two transmitted modes of about 99%, which substantiates the high efficiency of FWM process. The efficient transfer and frequency conversion of such diffraction-free beams may have potential applications in nonlinear optical and quantum technologies.
Quantum frequency conversion (QFC), a critical technology in photonic quantum information science, requires that the quantum characteristics of the frequency-converted photon must be the same as the input photon except for the color. In nonlinear optics, the wave mixing effect far away from the resonance condition is often used to realize QFC because it can prevent the vacuum field reservoir from destroying the quantum state of the converted photon effectively. Under conditions far away from resonance, experiments typically require strong pump light to generate large nonlinear interactions to achieve high-efficiency QFC. However, strong pump light often generates additional noise photons through spontaneous Raman or parametric conversion processes. Herein, we theoretically study another efficient QFC scheme based on a resonant four-wave mixing system. Due to the effect of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), this resonant QFC scheme can greatly suppress vacuum field noise at low light levels; consequently, the converted photon can inherit the quantum state of the input photon with high fidelity. Our research demonstrates that if the conversion efficiency of the EIT-based QFC is close to 100%, the wave function and quadrature variance of the converted photon are almost the same as the input probe photon.
Efficient frequency conversion of photons has important applications in optical quantum technology because the frequency range suitable for photon manipulation and communication usually varies widely. Recently, an efficient frequency conversion system using a double- Λ four-wave mixing (FWM) process based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) has attracted considerable attention because of its potential to achieve a nearly 100% conversion efficiency (CE). To obtain such a high CE, the spontaneous emission loss in this resonant-type FWM system must be suppressed considerably. A simple solution is to arrange the applied laser fields in a backward configuration. However, the phase mismatch due to this configuration can cause a significant decrease in CE. Here, we demonstrate that the phase mismatch can be effectively compensated by introducing the phase shift obtained by two-photon detuning. Under optimal conditions, we observe a wavelength conversion from 780 to 795 nm with a maximum CE of 91.2 % ± 0.6 % by using this backward FWM system at an optical depth of 130 in cold 87 Rb atoms. The current work represents an important step toward achieving low-loss, high-fidelity quantum frequency conversion based on EIT.