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AIP conference proceedings

Vortex lattice disorder in pseudorandom potential in rotating Bose-Einstein condensate

Thudiyangal Mithun, Kuppuswamy Porsezian, Bishwajyoti Dey

Published Jan 1, 2016• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We numerically study the vortex lattice dynamics in presence of pseudorandom potential in rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. The rotating condensate displays highly ordered triangular vortex lattice. In presence of pseudorandom potential the vortex lattice gets distorted. The histogram of the distances between each pair of the vortices shows how the long-range order of the triangular vortex lattice is destroyed in presence of pseudorandom potential.

DOI
10.1063/1.4947626

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We numerically study the vortex lattice dynamics in presence of pseudorandom potential in rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. The rotating condensate displays highly ordered triangular vortex lattice. In presence of pseudorandom potential the vortex lattice gets distorted. The histogram of the distances between each pair of the vortices shows how the long-range order of the triangular vortex lattice is destroyed in presence of pseudorandom potential.
We study the vortex lattice dynamics in the presence of a single impurity as well as random impurities or disorder. We show that in the presence of a single impurity, the vortex lattice gets distorted and the distortion depends on the position of the single impurity with respect to the positions of the vortices in the impurity-free Abrikosov vortex lattice and also on the strength of the impurity potential. We then show that a type of giant hole with hidden vortices inside it can be created in the vortex lattice by a cluster of impurities. In the presence of random impurity potential or disorder, the vortex lattice melts. We show that the vortex lattice also melts in the presence of the pseudorandom potential generated by the superposition of two optical lattices. The absence of long-range order in the melted vortex lattice is demonstrated from the structure factor profile and the histogram of the distances between each pair of vortices.
We study the vortex pinning effect in a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of a rotating lattice potential by numerically solving the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation. We consider a triangular lattice potential created by blue-detuned laser beams. By rotating the lattice potential, we observe a structural phase transition from the Abrikosov vortex lattice to the pinned vortex lattice. We investigate the transition of the vortex lattice structure by changing conditions such as angular velocity, strength, and lattice constant of a rotating lattice potential. Our simulation results clearly show that the lattice potential has a strong vortex pinning effect when the vortex density coincides with the density of the pinning points.
We study the vortex pinning effect on the vortex lattice structure of the rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in the presence of impurities or disorder by numerically solving the time-dependent coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. We investigate the transition of the vortex lattice structures by changing conditions such as angular frequency, the strength of the inter-component interaction and pinning potential, and the lattice constant of the periodic pinning potential. We show that even a single impurity pinning potential can change the unpinned vortex lattice structure from triangular to square or from triangular to a structure which is the overlap of triangular and square. In the presence of a periodic pinning potential or optical lattice, we observe the structural transition from the unpinned vortex lattice to the pinned vortex lattice structure of the optical lattice. In the presence of a random pinning potential or disorder, the vortex lattice melts following a two-step process by creation of lattice defects, dislocations, and disclinations, with the increase of rotational frequency, similar to that observed for single-component Bose-Einstein condensates. However, for the binary BECs, we show that the two-step vortex lattice melting also occurs with increasing strength of the intercomponent interaction.
Quantized vortices play a key role in superfluidity and superconductivity. We have observed the formation of highly ordered vortex lattices in a rotating Bose-condensed gas. These triangular lattices contained over 100 vortices with lifetimes of several seconds. Individual vortices persisted up to 40 seconds. The lattices could be generated over a wide range of rotation frequencies and trap geometries, shedding light on the formation process. Our observation of dislocations, irregular structure, and dynamics indicates that gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates may be a model system for the study of vortex matter.
Abstract We numerically investigate the impact of various impurities on rotating Bose–Einstein condensates confined within two-dimensional harmonic and Gaussian distributed square lattice potentials. Without impurities, the rotating condensates display an organized square lattice pattern of vortices due to the influence of Gaussian distributed square lattice potential. The introduction of impurity potentials disrupts this lattice structure, inducing a phase transition from an ordered state to a disordered state. Our analysis encompasses both static and dynamic types of impurities. The static impurities are implemented using a randomly varying potential with a spatially random amplitude. The transformation of the vortex lattice structure, in this case, relies on the strength and lattice constant of the impurity potential. For dynamical impurities, we employ a Gaussian obstacle that orbits around the condensate at a specific distance from its center. In this scenario, the vortex lattice melting occurs beyond a certain threshold radius and frequency of oscillation of the rotating obstacle. We characterize the melting of the vortex lattice due to impurities using various quantities, such as the structure factor and angular momentum. Notably, in the vortex-melted state, the angular momentum follows a power-law dependence with an exponent of approximately 1.73, regardless of the type of impurity. Finally, we demonstrate the signature of the presence of a turbulent state within the vortex-melted state generated by both static and dynamical impurities.
We study the vortex lattices in a Bose-Einstein condensate in a rotating anisotropic harmonic trap. We first investigate the single-particle wave functions obtained by the exact solution of the problem and give simple expressions for these wave functions in the small anisotropy limit. Depending on the strength of the interactions, a few or a large number of vortices can be formed. In the limit of many vortices, we calculate the density profile of the cloud and show that the vortex lattice stays triangular. We also find that the vortex lattice planes align themselves with the weak axis of the external potential. For a small number of vortices, we numerically solve the Gross-Pitaevskii equation and find vortex configurations that are very different from the vortex configurations in an axisymmetric rotating trap.