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MURI Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems

Jelena Vuckovic A, Paul G. Kwiat

Published Oct 16, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Abstract : We have continued the development of several photonic quantum technologies: single-photon and entangled-photon sources from quantum dots and parametric down-conversion; solid-state quantum gates based on quantum dots in semiconductors and on NV centers in diamond; quantum memories using optical storage systems; and high-efficiency single-photon detectors, using optimized visible light photon counters, superconducting bolometers, and frequency upconverters (to be able to detect telecommunication wavelengths using superior visible-wavelength detectors). For most of these devices, we have already successfully performed experimental demonstrations. We have also continued our work on combining these devices into quantum information systems, by continuing to work on and improve the experimental demonstrations of quantum repeater protocols that we, by working on quantum information systems on chip, and of our high-speed quantum cryptography systems, and also by continuing to work on quantum information encoding into transverse spatial modes.

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Abstract : We have continued the development of several photonic quantum technologies: single-photon and entangled-photon sources from quantum dots and parametric down-conversion; solid-state quantum gates based on quantum dots in semiconductors and on NV centers in diamond; quantum memories using optical storage systems; and high-efficiency single-photon detectors, using optimized visible light photon counters, superconducting bolometers, and frequency upconverters (to be able to detect telecommunication wavelengths using superior visible-wavelength detectors). For most of these devices, we have already successfully performed experimental demonstrations. We have also continued our work on combining these devices into quantum information systems, by continuing to work on and improve the experimental demonstrations of quantum repeater protocols that we, by working on quantum information systems on chip, and of our high-speed quantum cryptography systems, and also by continuing to work on quantum information encoding into transverse spatial modes.
We develop quantum devices for the generation, manipulation and detection of light at the single photon level. Quantum dot devices allow for the generation of single and entangled photons at various frequencies including telecom wavelengths. We also develop single photon detectors with high efficiency based on NbTIN superconducting nanostructures, low noise and high time resolution to enable a range of applications including quantum communication, quantum sensing and integrated photonics. To allow for complex systems, integrated quantum optics circuits where we combine quantum sources and superconducting detectors are under development.
One of the main issues in the domain of quantum information and communication is the generation, manipulation and detection of several qubits on a single chip. Several approaches are currently investigated for the implementation of qubits on different types of physical supports and a variety of quantum information technologies are under development: for quantum memories, spectacular advances have been done on trapped atoms and ions, while to transmit information, photons are the ideal support thanks to their high speed of propagation and their almost immunity against decoherence. My thesis work has been focused on the conception, fabrication and characterization of a miniaturized semiconductor source of entangled photons, working at room temperature and telecom wavelengths. First the theoretical concepts relevant to understand the work are described (chapter 1). Then the conception and fabrication procedures are given (chapter 2). Chapter 3 presents the optoelectronics characterization of the device under electrical pumping, and chapter 4 the results on the optical losses measurements and the nonlinear optical characterization (second harmonic generation, spontaneous parametric down conversion and joint spectral intensity reconstruction). Chapters 5 and 6 focus on the characterization of the quantum state generated by a passive sample (demonstration of indistinguishability and energy-time entanglement) and its utilization in a multi- user quantum key distribution protocol (polarization entanglement). Finally the work on the first electrically driven photon pairs source emitting in the telecom range and working at room temperature is presented (chapter 7).
We experimentally demonstrate a high-fidelity visible-to-telecommunication wavelength conversion of a photon by using a solid-state-based difference frequency generation. In the experiment, one half of a picosecond visible entangled photon pair at 780 nm is converted to a 1522-nm photon, resulting in the entangled photon pair between 780 and 1522 nm. Using superconducting single-photon detectors with low dark count rates and small timing jitters, we selectively observed well-defined temporal modes containing the two photons. We achieved a fidelity of $0.93\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.04$ after the wavelength conversion, indicating that our solid-state-based scheme can be used for faithful frequency down conversion of visible photons emitted from quantum memories composed of various media.
Abstract : During the MURI performance period we completed a diverse portfolio of world-class research projects. We made remarkable progress in all major topics encompassed by the defining vision of our Quantum Networks MURI Center: demonstration of elementary quantum network protocols via cavity QED, development of integrated quantum nodes based on atom chips and photonic bandgap structures, and advancing quantum information theory. Feature accomplishments include the first demonstration of a complete cavity-QED quantum information protocol using a single intracavity atom, the development of chip-scale microtraps and microcavities suitable for cavity QED with strong coupling, and security proofs for quantum key distribution with imperfect devices.
The impact of quantum technology will be profound and far-reaching: secure communication networks for consumers, corporations and government; precision sensors for biomedical technology and environmental monitoring; quantum simulators for the design of new materials, pharmaceuticals and clean energy devices; and ultra-powerful quantum computers for addressing otherwise impossibly large datasets for machine learning and artificial intelligence applications. However, engineering quantum systems and controlling them is an immense technological challenge: they are inherently fragile; and information extracted from a quantum system necessarily disturbs the system itself. Of the various approaches to quantum technologies, photons are particularly appealing for their low-noise properties and ease of manipulation at the single qubit level. We have developed an integrated waveguide approach to photonic quantum circuits for high performance, miniaturization and scalability. We will described our latest progress in generating, manipulating and interacting single photons in waveguide circuits on silicon chips.
Abstract Long-distance quantum communication requires entanglement between distant quantum memories. For this purpose, photon transmission is necessary to connect the distant memories. Here, for the first time, we develop a two-step frequency conversion process (from a visible wavelength to a telecommunication wavelength and back) involving the use of independent two-frequency conversion media where the target quantum memories are nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamonds (with an emission/absorption wavelength of 637.2 nm), and experimentally characterize the performance of this process acting on light from an attenuated CW laser. A total conversion efficiency of approximately 7% is achieved. The noise generated in the frequency conversion processes is measured, and the signal-to-noise ratio is estimated for a single photon signal emitted by a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center. The developed frequency conversion system has future applications via transmission through a long optical fiber channel at a telecommunication wavelength for a quantum repeater network.