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Chinese Science Bulletin

Quantum information and many body physics with cold atoms

Xiao-Fei Zhang, Yao-hua Chen, GuoCai Liu, Wéi Wú, Lin Wen, Wu-Ming Liu

Published May 30, 2012• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11434-012-5095-1

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Ultracold atomic gases have emerged as an ideal testground for fundamental many-body physics. The “quantum revolution” triggered by the work of John Bell and the subsequent advances in the experimental control of few-body quantum systems has nowadays entered a new phase associated with the rise of quantum information science and the quest for control over macroscopic quantum systems. The exceptional level of control enabled by cold atom systems has placed them at the frontier of modern quantum physics as a promising route to realizing quantum simulators, engineering topological quantum matter, and emulating interacting gauge fields. By allowing the realization of tunable interactions and synthetic spin-orbit couplings, cold atom systems offer the possibility of engineering topological phases that are not supported by solid-state systems, including experimental realizations of ideal models. In this chapter, we briefly summarize some recent developments in this area and point out the basic physical ideas behind these advances. For a more detailed survey of the field the reader is referred to specialized books and review articles, for example Refs. [ 60 , 210 , 331 , 332 ].
Combining quantum many-body physics and nonequilibrium physics is an important opportunity and challenge for current physics research. Nonequilibrium quantum many-body physics is not only a subject of common interest to many branches of physics but also an indispensable theoretical foundation for developing emergent quantum technologies. Cold atom system provides an ideal platform for studying nonequilibrium quantum many-body physics. The advantages of cold atom system, as well as other synthetic quantum systems, are reflected in studying various nonequilibrium processes such as the thermalization of isolated system, dissipation induced by coupling to the environment, ramping, quench, or periodically driving physical parameters of a system. In this work, three examples from our research are discussed to show how the study of nonequilibrium quantum many-body physics with cold atoms can help us go beyond the existing framework of topological physics, uncover new methods of detecting quantum many-body correlations, and enrich the physical content of gauge theory. Such a research concerns the fundamental properties of quantum many-body system, such as topology and correlation, utilizes the advantages of cold atomic system to achieve a quantitative comparison between theory and experiment, and aims at discovering universal physical rules for nonequilibrium quantum many-body process, which can be extended to condensed matter and nuclear matter systems.