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IEEE Transactions on Information Theory

Secure Cooperative Source-Coding With Side Information at the Eavesdropper

Shraga I. Bross

Published May 25, 2016• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the secure cooperative source-coding problem that we consider, Encoder 1 and Decoder 1 observe, respectively, a pair of independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) correlated sources and wish to communicate the first source to Decoder 2 subject to a distortion constraint. Encoder 1 sends a message to both the decoders over a public nonsecure channel, and then Decoder 1-the helper-sends a message just to Decoder 2 over a secure channel. An eavesdropper, which has access to memoryless side-information that is correlated with the first source, intercepts the message sent by Encoder 1 and based on both wishes to minimize its uncertainty about the first source. The secrecy measure of the system is the equivocation of the first source at the eavesdropper. We determine the rates equivocation region for this problem assuming that conditioned on the side-information of Decoder 1 the eavesdropper's side-information is independent of the first source. To that end, we derive an inner and an outer bound that depend explicitly on the proportional rate that Encoder 1 spends in the cooperation process. Subsequently, we evaluate this region for the case of a doubly symmetric binary source and Hamming distortion.

DOI
10.1109/tit.2016.2572727

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In the secure cooperative source-coding problem that we consider, Encoder 1 and Decoder 1 observe, respectively, a pair of independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) correlated sources and wish to communicate the first source to Decoder 2 subject to a distortion constraint. Encoder 1 sends a message to both the decoders over a public nonsecure channel, and then Decoder 1-the helper-sends a message just to Decoder 2 over a secure channel. An eavesdropper, which has access to memoryless side-information that is correlated with the first source, intercepts the message sent by Encoder 1 and based on both wishes to minimize its uncertainty about the first source. The secrecy measure of the system is the equivocation of the first source at the eavesdropper. We determine the rates equivocation region for this problem assuming that conditioned on the side-information of Decoder 1 the eavesdropper's side-information is independent of the first source. To that end, we derive an inner and an outer bound that depend explicitly on the proportional rate that Encoder 1 spends in the cooperation process. Subsequently, we evaluate this region for the case of a doubly symmetric binary source and Hamming distortion.
The problem of secure multiterminal source coding with side information at the eavesdropper is investigated. This scenario consists of a main encoder (referred to as Alice) that wishes to compress a single source but simultaneously satisfying the desired requirements on the distortion level at a legitimate receiver (referred to as Bob) and the equivocation rate—average uncertainty—at an eavesdropper (referred to as Eve). It is further assumed the presence of a (public) rate-limited link between Alice and Bob. In this setting, Eve perfectly observes the information bits sent by Alice to Bob and has also access to a correlated source which can be used as side information. A second encoder (referred to as Charlie) helps Bob in estimating Alice's source by sending a compressed version of its own correlated observation via a (private) rate-limited link, which is only observed by Bob. For instance, the problem at hands can be seen as the unification between the Berger–Tung and the secure source coding setups. Inner and outer bounds on the so-called rate-distortion-equivocation region are derived. The inner region turns to be tight for two cases: 1) uncoded side information at Bob and 2) lossless reconstruction of both sources at Bob—secure distributed lossless compression. Application examples to secure lossy source coding of Gaussian and binary sources in the presence of Gaussian and binary/ternary (respectively) side informations are also considered. Optimal coding schemes are characterized for some cases of interest where the statistical differences between the side information at the decoders and the presence of a nonzero distortion at Bob can be fully exploited to guarantee secrecy.
The problem of secure lossy source-channel wiretapping with arbitrarily correlated side informations at both receivers is investigated. This scenario consists of an encoder (referred to as Alice) that wishes to compress a source and send it through a noisy channel to a legitimate receiver (referred to as Bob). In this context, Alice must simultaneously satisfy the desired requirements on the distortion level at Bob, and the equivocation rate at the eavesdropper (referred to as Eve). This setting can be seen as a generalization of the conventional problems of secure source coding with side information at the decoders, and the wiretap channel. Inner and outer bounds on the rate-distortion-equivocation region for the case of arbitrary channels and side informations are derived. In some special cases of interest, it is shown that separation holds. By means of an appropriate coding, the presence of any statistical difference among the side informations, the channel noises, and the distortion at Bob can be fully exploited in terms of secrecy.
This paper investigates the problem of source-channel coding for secure transmission with arbitrarily correlated side informations at both receivers. This scenario consists of an encoder (referred to as Alice) that wishes to compress a source and send it through a noisy channel to a legitimate receiver (referred to as Bob). In this context, Alice must simultaneously satisfy the desired requirements on the distortion level at Bob and the equivocation rate at the eavesdropper (referred to as Eve). This setting can be seen as a generalization of the problems of secure source coding with (uncoded) side information at the decoders and the wiretap channel. A general outer bound on the rate-distortion-equivocation region, as well as an inner bound based on a pure digital scheme, is derived for arbitrary channels and side informations. In some special cases of interest, it is proved that this digital scheme is optimal and that separation holds. However, it is also shown through a simple counterexample with a binary source that a pure analog scheme can outperform the digital one while being optimal. According to these observations and assuming matched bandwidth, a novel hybrid digital/analog scheme that aims to gather the advantages of both digital and analog ones is then presented. In the quadratic Gaussian setup when side information is only present at the eavesdropper, this strategy is proved to be optimal. Furthermore, it outperforms both digital and analog schemes and cannot be achieved via time-sharing. Through an appropriate coding, the presence of any statistical difference among the side informations, the channel noises, and the distortion at Bob can be fully exploited in terms of secrecy.
We consider the problems of secure lossy source coding with side information in the presence of a passive eavesdropper who has access to the source description. The encoder wishes to compress the source sequence in order to satisfy a distortion criterion at the decoder, while revealing only limited knowledge about the source to the eavesdropper. The side information available to the encoder, the legitimate decoder, or the eavesdropper can be influenced by a cost-constrained action sequence. Three different settings are studied. In the first two settings, we are interested in understanding the influence of the action sequence on the rate-distortion-leakage tradeoff where the action is taken either by the decoder or by the encoder to influence side information at the decoder and eavesdropper. Next, we consider a setting where common action-dependent side information is available securely to both encoder and decoder, and thus can be used for secret key generation. We characterize the optimal rate-distortion-cost-leakage region or the corresponding inner bounds for a discrete memoryless source for above settings. The results are useful in characterizing fundamental limits for example in secure sensor networking and future cyber physical systems.
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We consider a secure lossless source coding problem with a rate-limited helper. In particular, Alice observes an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) sourceXnand wishes to transmit this source losslessly to Bob over a rate-limited link of capacity not exceedingRx. A helper, say Helen, observes an i.i.d. correlated sourceYnand can transmit information to Bob over another link of capacity not exceedingRy. A passive eavesdropper (say Eve) can observe the coded output of Alice, i.e., the link from Alice to Bob is public. The uncertainty about the sourceXnat Eve (denoted by Δ) is measured by the conditional entropy [(H(Xn|Jx))/(n)] , whereJxis the coded output of Alice andnis the block length. We completely characterize the rate-equivocation region for this secure source coding model, where we show that Slepian-Wolf binning ofXnwith respect to the coded side information received at Bob is optimal. We next consider a modification of this model in which Alice also has access to the coded output of Helen. We call this model as the two-sided helper model. For the two-sided helper model, we characterize the rate-equivocation region. While the availability of side information at Alice does not reduce the rate of transmission from Alice, it significantly enhances the resulting equivocation at Eve. In particular, the resulting equivocation for the two-sided helper case is shown to be min(H(X),Ry), i.e., one bit from the two-sided helper provides one bit of uncertainty at Eve. From this result, we infer that Slepian-Wolf binning ofXis suboptimal and one can further decrease the information leakage to the eavesdropper by utilizing the side information at Alice. We, finally, generalize both of these results to the case in which there is additional uncoded side informationWnavailable at Bob and characterize the rate-equivocation regions under the assumption thatYn→Xn→Wnforms a Markov chain.