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Information Security and Communications Privacy

Analysis on Features and Limits of Quantum Communication

Fu-Chen Zhu

Published Jan 1, 2011• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum entanglement and teleportation are the very strange phenomena and could not be discovered in classical physics. However,could teleportation communication be a superluminal communication? Could it surpass the limits in communication distance and speed of classical communication system? Study on quantum physics and quantum communication system indicates that quantum communication has a very limited practical prospect in submarine and free-space communication,though quantum entanglement communication is with some very fascinating features. So it is very important to do objective analysis on quantum communication.

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Quantum entanglement and teleportation are the very strange phenomena and could not be discovered in classical physics. However,could teleportation communication be a superluminal communication? Could it surpass the limits in communication distance and speed of classical communication system? Study on quantum physics and quantum communication system indicates that quantum communication has a very limited practical prospect in submarine and free-space communication,though quantum entanglement communication is with some very fascinating features. So it is very important to do objective analysis on quantum communication.
Quantum Teleportation is the key communication functionality of the Quantum Internet, allowing the “transmission” of qubits without the physical transfer of the particle storing the qubit. Quantum teleportation is facilitated by the action of quantum entanglement, a somewhat counter-intuitive physical phenomenon with no direct counterpart in the classical word. As a consequence, the very concept of the classical communication system model has to be redesigned to account for the peculiarities of quantum teleportation. This re-design is a crucial prerequisite for constructing any effective quantum communication protocol. The aim of this manuscript is to shed light on this key concept, with the objective of allowing the reader: i) to appreciate the fundamental differences between the transmission of classical information versus the teleportation of quantum information; ii) to understand the communications functionalities underlying quantum teleportation, and to grasp the challenges in the design and practical employment of these functionalities; iii) to acknowledge that quantum information is subject to the deleterious effects of a noise process termed as quantum decoherence. This imperfection has no direct counterpart in the classical world; iv) to recognize how to contribute to the design and employment of the Quantum Internet.
Quantum Teleportation is a hypothetical but logical application of Quantum Entanglement, which is basically a non-classical and strange phenomenon. It involves instantaneous communication between two very far situated particles through any non- perceivable link and can be considered to communicate more than the speed of light, and this fact holds the power to stand against Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity. Here the ‘Hidden Variable Theory’ comes into play, and there is a synchronisation between the variables in such a way that leads to their communication. But, whenever there is a simultaneous result from a particle in response to an event occurring on the other particle, it violates ‘The Principle of Locality’. Evidently, there has to be some connection through other spatial dimensions as predicted by the String Theory. It can also be true that, entangled particles take shortcuts for communication across universe which is generally referred to ‘Space-time Wormholes’. Magnetic wormholes have been created till date by manipulating electromagnetic fields, but Space time wormholes are yet to be discovered. Logically, such kind of wormholes can be created only by manipulating the mysterious ‘Gravitational Waves’ which possesses extraordinary characteristics of producing rhythmic but alternate expansion and compression in the Space-time fabric, of intensity equal to the frequency of the wave. As these waves create distortion in space-time fabric, it results in change in the speed of light with respect to time. So it might be possible that entangled particles communicate at a speed higher than that of light which is beyond perception. It might also be possible that the universe is ‘SuperDeterministic’.
Quantum mechanics allows a number of communications protocols that would not be possible classically, including provably-secure messages (quantum cryptography), increased channel capacity, and the ability to transmit an unknown quantum state (quantum teleportation). This tutorial will provide an introductory description of what appear to be the most promising applications of quantum communications, including quantum cryptography and quantum repeaters. The most commonly-used methods for quantum cryptography will be described, including the advantages and disadvantages of each in practical applications. The maximum range of current quantum cryptography systems is limited by the fact that optical amplifiers would destroy the quantum coherence of single photons and cannot be used in these kinds of systems. One potential solution to this problem is the transmission of single photons in free space, which would allow a global system for quantum cryptography based on a network of satellites and ground stations. Free-space quantum cryptography systems of that kind have now been demonstrated over relatively short distances. The range of quantum cryptography systems in optical fibers can also be extended using quantum repeaters that make use of entanglement purification and quantum teleportation. These same techniques could also be used to implement a “quantum Internet” for the transmission of qubits from one quantum computer to another. The practical challenges that will have to be met in order to implement quantum repeaters and quantum teleportation over large distances will be discussed.
Quantum teleportation is a new method in quantum communication that allows quantum states to be sent securely using entanglement and classical signals. This research focuses on problems like maintaining strong entanglement, dealing with quantum noise (decoherence) and handling delays in classical communication, which currently limit practical applications. To solve these problems, we built and tested a quantum teleportation circuit using simulation tools and visualized the results using Bloch spheres and statevector analysis. Our results show that quantum states can be teleported accurately while preserving their properties. This proves quantum teleportation is practically achievable and can be used in secure communication, quantum networks, and quantum computers, making it an important step towards building a reliable quantum internet.
Based on uncertainty and no-cloning theorem,quantum secure communication is physically secure and of eavesdropping-detection capability. However whether is a practical quantum secure communication system perfectly secure or notCould it be put into practice soonIn fact,QKD and quantum entanglement communication could not provide unconditional security in the near future,and both have no superiorities in communication distance,speed and anti-jamming performance. It is very important to objectively evaluate the relevant new technology and some closely-related questions in practice.
This article provides a quick overview of quantum communication, bringing together several innovative aspects of quantum enabled transmission. We first take a neutral look at the role of quantum communication, presenting its importance for the forthcoming wireless. Then, we summarise the principles and basic mechanisms involved in quantum communication, including quantum entanglement, quantum superposition, and quantum teleportation. Further, we highlight its groundbreaking features, opportunities, challenges and future prospects.