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Journal of Communications

Universally composable oblivious transfer protocol based on VSPH

Jianfeng Ma

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A new oblivious transfer protocol was proposed within the framework of universally composable security(UC-DT).The protocol based on the verifiably smooth projective hashing(VSPH) is against adaptive adversaries in a common reference string(CRS) model.The UC-OT protocol improves computational efficiency with non-committing encryptions(NCE)which is based on decisional compounding residuosity,achieves UC-OT,and it saves O(n)-1 rounds in communication efficiency than bit-OT protocols.Compared with Canetti’s scheme in non-erase model,the message reduced once.Compared with Fischlin’s scheme,the message transfers were reduced twice,and the scheme does not rely on the auxiliary party,therefore it is more practical.

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On Black-Box Complexity of Universally Composable Security in the CRS model.

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•Jan 1, 2015•0 citations
A new oblivious transfer protocol was proposed within the framework of universally composable security(UC-DT).The protocol based on the verifiably smooth projective hashing(VSPH) is against adaptive adversaries in a common reference string(CRS) model.The UC-OT protocol improves computational efficiency with non-committing encryptions(NCE)which is based on decisional compounding residuosity,achieves UC-OT,and it saves O(n)-1 rounds in communication efficiency than bit-OT protocols.Compared with Canetti’s scheme in non-erase model,the message reduced once.Compared with Fischlin’s scheme,the message transfers were reduced twice,and the scheme does not rely on the auxiliary party,therefore it is more practical.
Non-committing encryption achieved only semantic security,in contrast,applications often require security against chosen ciphertext attacks.A main ingredient in the previous adaptive universally composable(UC)oblivious transfer protocols are non-committing encryptions.the previous proposals are not UC secure against adaptive adversaries in the so-called non-erase model.A new UC secure oblivious transfer protocols were proposed and schemes utilize two primitives of the verifiably smooth projective hashing and deniable encryption as constructed by.the double trapdoor decryption mechanism based on trapdoor commitment.Our construction is based on the decisional composite residuosity in common reference string (CRS) model.We constructed a two-message(1-round) string oblivious transfer protocol,which improves computational efficient that supports message spaces of size exponential and save O(n)-1 rounds communications efficient than bit-OT protocols.
A new approach and an idea for exploration are presented to the concurrent deniable authentication based on witness-indistinguishable (WI) within the framework of universally composable (UC) security. A definition of an ideal functionality for deniable authentication is formulated. A new deniable authentication protocol is proposed based on two primitives of the verifiably smooth projective Hashing (VSPH) and non-committing encryptions (NCE). This new approach is practically relevant to VSPH based on the Decisional Diffie-Hellman (DDH) assumption and NCE based on the decisional composite residuosity (DCR) assumption. Compared with a timing constraint and public directory model, simulation of the concurrent protocols is not needed to restrict an adversary capability in a common reference string (CRS) model. The protocols are forward deniable and UC security against adaptive adversaries. Unlike previous proposals with the CCA2 public-key cryptosystem or multi-trapdoor commitments paradigm, the new paradigm leads to more efficient protocols.
We present a general framework for efficient, universally composable oblivious transfer (OT) protocols in which a single, global, common reference string (CRS) can be used for multiple invocations of oblivious transfer by arbitrary pairs of parties. In addition: • Our framework is round-efficient. E.g., under the DLIN or SXDH assumptions we achieve round-optimal protocols with static security, or 3-round protocols with adaptive security (assuming erasure). • Our resulting protocols are more efficient than any known previously, and in particular yield protocols for string OT using O(1) exponentiations and communicating O(1) group elements. Our result improves on that of Peikert et al. (Crypto 2008), which uses a CRS whose length depends on the number of parties in the network and achieves only static security. Compared to Garay et al. (Crypto 2009), we achieve adaptive security with better round complexity and efficiency. ∗Columbia University. Email: sgchoi@cs.columbia.edu. Portions of this work were done at the University of Maryland. This work was supported in part by the Intelligence Advanced Research Project Activity (IARPA) via DoI/NBC contract Number D11PC20194. The views and conclusions contained herein are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies or endorsements, either expressed or implied, of IARPA, DoI/NBC, or the U.S. Government. †Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland. Email: jkatz@cs.umd.edu. This work is supported in part by DARPA and by NSF awards #0447075, #1111599, and #1223623. ‡George Washington University. Email: hoeteck@alum.mit.edu. Supported by NSF CAREER award #1237429. §Dept. of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University. Email: hszhou@vcu.edu. Work supported in part by an NSF CI postdoctoral fellowship, and done while at University of Maryland.
Deniable authentication protocols allow a sender to authenticate a message for a receiver, in a way which the receiver cannot convince a third party that such au- thentication ever took place. When we consider an asynchronous multi-party net- work with open communications and an adversary that can adaptively corrupt as many parties as it wishes, we present a new approach to solve the problem of concurrent deniable authentication within the framework of universally compos- able (UC) security. We formulate a definition of an ideal functionality for deniable authentication. Our constructions rely on a modification of the verifiably smooth projective hashing (VSPH) with projection key function by trapdoor commitment. Our protocols are forward deniable and UC security against adaptive adversaries in the common reference string model. A new approach implies that security is pre- served under concurrent composition of an unbounded number of protocol execu- tions; it implies non-malleability with respect to arbitrary protocols and more. The novelty of our schemes is the use of witness indistinguishable protocols and the security is based on the decisional composite residuosity (DCR) assumption. This new approach is practically relevant as it leads to more efficient protocols and se-curity reductions.
Oblivious Transfer (OT) is a fundamental cryptographic protocol that finds a number of applications, in particular, as an essential building block for two-party and multi-party computation. We construct a round-optimal (2 rounds) universally composable (UC) protocol for oblivious transfer secure against active adaptive adversaries from any OW-CPA secure public-key encryption scheme with certain properties in the random oracle model (ROM). In terms of computation, our protocol only requires the generation of a public/secret-key pair, two encryption operations and one decryption operation, apart from a few calls to the random oracle. In~terms of communication, our protocol only requires the transfer of one public-key, two ciphertexts, and three binary strings of roughly the same size as the message. Next, we show how to instantiate our construction under the low noise LPN, McEliece, QC-MDPC, LWE, and CDH assumptions. Our instantiations based on the low noise LPN, McEliece, and QC-MDPC assumptions are the first UC-secure OT protocols based on coding assumptions to achieve: 1) adaptive security, 2) optimal round complexity, 3) low communication and computational complexities. Previous results in this setting only achieved static security and used costly cut-and-choose techniques.Our instantiation based on CDH achieves adaptive security at the small cost of communicating only two more group elements as compared to the gap-DH based Simplest OT protocol of Chou and Orlandi (Latincrypt 15), which only achieves static security in the ROM.
In this work, we study the intrinsic complexity of black-box Universally Composable (UC) secure computation based on general assumptions. We present a thorough study in various corruption mod-elings while focusing on achieving security in the common reference string (CRS) model. Our results involve the following: • Static UC secure computation. Designing the first static UC secure oblivious transfer protocol based on public-key encryption and stand-alone semi-honest oblivious transfer. As a corollary we obtain the first black-box constructions of UC secure computation assuming only two-round semi-honest oblivious transfer. • One-sided UC secure computation. Designing adaptive UC secure two-party computation with single corruptions assuming public-key encryption with oblivious ciphertext generation. • Adaptive UC secure computation. Designing adaptively secure UC commitment scheme assum-ing only public-key encryption with oblivious ciphertext generation. As a corollary we obtain the first black-box constructions of adaptive UC secure computation assuming only (trapdoor) simu-latable public-key encryption (as well as a variety of concrete assumptions). We remark that such a result was not known even under non-black-box constructions.