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Acta Physica Sinica

DEFLECTION OF A EUROPIUM ATOMIC BEAM THROUGH A STATE-SELECTIVE MAGNET

Y Zhang

Published Jan 1, 1995• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The magnetic deflection of a europium atomic beam through a state-selective system consisting of a two-or six-pole magnet was investigated. Main interest was focused on realizing high selectivity and large transmittance solid angle of the state-selective system by properly choosing the parameters of the system. The results could be used in the experiments, such as non-alkali isotope enrichment by magne-tic deflection of a polarized atomic beam, in which a high selectivity and a large transmittance solid angle of the state-selective system are required.

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LASER ISOTOPE ENRICHMENT VIA MAGNETIC DEFLECTION OF OPTICALLY POLARIZED ATOMIC BEAM

Xiwen Zhu, 中国科学院武汉物理研究所

We describe a novel method to enrich isotopes and isomers via magnetic deflection of optically polarized atomic beam. High electronic polarization with opposite signs for atoms of both isotopes respectively is achieved by selective optical pumping using lasers with different frequencies and polarizations and then the isotopes are enriched by deflecting the oppositely polarized isotopes along different directions by the inhomo-geneous magnetic field in the spin selective magnet. Separation selectivity and throughput are evaluated and the advantages, disadvantages and prospects of possible application of the present method are discussed in comparison with other existing methods. Experimental scheme with lithium or potassium is suggested.

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Isotopes of barium are selectively excited to a metastable state using a single ring dye laser. The excited atoms are then deflected out of an atomic beam by an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The deflection of the beam is studied using a hot wire detector and a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Measurements are presented showing that nearly all atoms of a particle isotope can be excited from the 6s{sup 2} ground still to the 6s5d state and subsequently spatially separated. This method of isotope separation requires metastable states having lifetimes greater than about 100 {mu}sec. These states can be readily excited from the ground state in atoms such as the Group II elements.

Bulletin of the American Physical Society•May 1, 1993•0 citations
The magnetic deflection of a europium atomic beam through a state-selective system consisting of a two-or six-pole magnet was investigated. Main interest was focused on realizing high selectivity and large transmittance solid angle of the state-selective system by properly choosing the parameters of the system. The results could be used in the experiments, such as non-alkali isotope enrichment by magne-tic deflection of a polarized atomic beam, in which a high selectivity and a large transmittance solid angle of the state-selective system are required.
We describe a novel method to enrich isotopes and isomers via magnetic deflection of optically polarized atomic beam. High electronic polarization with opposite signs for atoms of both isotopes respectively is achieved by selective optical pumping using lasers with different frequencies and polarizations and then the isotopes are enriched by deflecting the oppositely polarized isotopes along different directions by the inhomo-geneous magnetic field in the spin selective magnet. Separation selectivity and throughput are evaluated and the advantages, disadvantages and prospects of possible application of the present method are discussed in comparison with other existing methods. Experimental scheme with lithium or potassium is suggested.
The authors have succeeded in demonstrating laser isotope enrichment via magnetic deflection of a polarized atomic beam. By using a single dye laser with the frequency tuned to the two accidentally close transitions of the natural lithium (2 2 S 1/2 (F=1/2) to 2 2 P 3/2 for 6 Li and 2 2 S 1/2 (F=2) to 2 2 P 1 2/(F=1) for 7 Li), 6 Li and 7 Li atoms in a beam were positively and negatively polarized respectively. The 6 Li enrichment was achieved via magnetic deflection of the polarized beam through a hexapole magnet which focuses the positively polarized 6 Li atoms and defocuses the negatively polarized 7 Li atoms. The dependence of 7 Li polarization on laser intensity was experimentally examined, and the result was in good agreement with that calculated by rate equations. The abundance ratio of 6 Li to 7 Li was enhanced from 1 : 12.5 to about 1 : 3.1.
We deflected a well-collimated beam of krypton atoms in the metastable ls5 state by radiation pressure from a single-frequency dye laser. To produce the radiation pressure, we resonantly excited the krypton atoms, using the 1s5–2p9 transition. The natural width of this transition is much smaller than its isotope shift, which allowed us to deflect one isotope at a time. This created a new isotopically enriched atomic beam of Kr(1s5). We achieved a maximum enrichment factor of 1.2 × 104 at a deflection angle of 19 mrad. This enrichment is limited mainly by scattering of the parent atomic beam by residual gas. This degree of enrichment may make it possible to perform sensitive measurements of the concentrations of rare krypton isotopes in environmental samples.
Laser cooling methods provide the possibility to obtain very well collimated and slow atomic beams. These intense sources have attracted new interest in the manipulation of atomic trajectories. Atom optical schemes based on the optical dipole force are very attractive, for example in atom lithography where atomic beams are focused by standing wave light elds, to create periodic nanostructures. However, in applications where more complex structures are desirable or decoherence due to spontaneous emission has to be avoided, magnetic atom optical components are more attractive. For example, at and curved atomic mirrors with high reflectivity and low surface rough ness can be built from periodically magnetized videotapes. First, with a collimated and polarized cesium atomic beam from a Zeeman-slower apparatus, we have investigated the deflection of the atomic beam by a sinusoidally magnetized videotape with a period length of 30 μm. From these measurements we have determined the magnetic eld strength at the surface to be 0.05 Tesla. The reflectivity has been found to be consistent with 100%. The very large eld gradients produced by the tape can be exploited to guide atoms on curved trajectories with small radii of curvature. With a radius of 9.5 cm we have obtained a maximum deflection angle of 25° which is limited by technical constraint. Second, we have built a setup based on a 2D-MOT for generating a slow atomic beam with a velocity of 20 m/s. After leaving the optical collimation and the optical polarization stages, the atomic beam is reflected after one bounce onto the videotape up to angles as large as 7°. We exploited the natural curvature of our videotape and we demonstrated the focusing of the atomic beam after one and two bounces depending on the curvature of the videotape. The focal length and the angles of deflection enable to deduce the local radii of curvature. We have confronted our results by testing the focusing of the videotape with a red laser and by performing a numerical simulation which prove the consistency with the atomic beam experiments.
Isotopes of barium are selectively excited to a metastable state using a single ring dye laser. The excited atoms are then deflected out of an atomic beam by an inhomogeneous magnetic field. The deflection of the beam is studied using a hot wire detector and a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Measurements are presented showing that nearly all atoms of a particle isotope can be excited from the 6s{sup 2} ground still to the 6s5d state and subsequently spatially separated. This method of isotope separation requires metastable states having lifetimes greater than about 100 {mu}sec. These states can be readily excited from the ground state in atoms such as the Group II elements.