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Acta Optica Sinica

Stimulated electronic Raman scattering in superheated rubidium vapour

A Wang

Published Jan 1, 1983• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Using a specially designed heat-pipe oven, the 5S1/2-6S1/2 stimulated electronic Eaman scattering (SERS) and some relative amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) have been observed in superheated Rb vapour. The experimental results reveal that ASE processes have some new characteristics and have dramatic influence on the tuning profiles of the SERS signal.

Related papers

Stimulated Raman processes in metal vapours

W.H.W. Tuttlebee

Recent work has demonstrated the potential of stimulated electronic Raman scattering, SERS, as a tunable IR source. The current work has aimed at an extension of the performance of SERS in the two areas of tuning capability and narrower linewidth; to this end a variety of stimulated electronic Raman schemes have been investigated. Initially the theoretical background of SERS and of various possible competing processes is reviewed. The construction and performance of the dye lasers and heat pipe ovens used for the work are then described, followed by a presentation and discussion of the experimental work performed; this work falls into four main areas. Firstly the potential of pump and SERS feedback schemes to extend the tuning ranges of an existing alkali metal SERS system, Cs 6s-7s, has been investigated, under non-optimum conditions; results from this appear promising for future work. Secondly, we have demonstrated for the first time the possibility of obtaining a tunable IR output from a fifth order nonlinear process, stimulated hyper-Raman scattering, SHRS, in Na vapour. Various aspects of theory and behaviour of this process are described. The advantages of obtaining SERS from an excited initial state have been considered; preliminary results have proved disappointing and have led us to consider possible limiting mechanisms in such processes. Finally SERS in alkaline earths is considered; only few such schemes would appear to be viable for various reasons. One such scheme in Ba has however yielded a 0.2cm-1 system-limited SERS linewidth, a narrower SERS linewidth than has previously been attained; indications are that narrower linewidths still may be attainable, although further work will be necessary to verify this. These results also suggest that the optical Stark effect and power broadening have less influence on the Raman linewidth than has previously been thought.

•Dec 1, 1977•0 citations

Some investigations into stimulated electronic Raman scattering and related processes in atomic vapours

David Brian Hearn

Stimulated electronic Raman scattering, SERS, is a simple method of efficiently generating widely tunable infrared radiation. This work describes techniques by which the tuning capability of this process may be extended. To this end several schemes in Caesium and Barium vapours have been investigated. In Barium vapour two Raman transitions were studied using fixed frequency lasers. Poor performance of one of these transitions led to the application of biharmonic pumping or 'coherent Raman mixing' to enable generation of infrared light, and was the first observation of this process in an atomic vapour. This technique was subsequently used to generate infrared light from tunable dye laser light, which gave continuous tuning from 1.16µm to 1.5µm. The process was found to be limited by atomic saturation. The effect which saturation has on the generation efficiency is considered theoretically, and predicts quite accurately the observed tuning behaviour. Two methods aimed at reducing molecular absorption effects in SERS in alkali vapours were investigated. The techniques employed either laser excitation and dissociation of the molecules or a reduction in their ground state concentration by superheating of the vapour. Some degree of success was achieved in improving the available tuning from the 6s-7s transition in Caesium. However, the inclusion of the effect of collision broadening of atomic transitions into a calculation of the Raman threshold suggests that little further improvement can be obtained on this transition. A direct measurement of the Raman threshold power on the 6s-5d5/2 transition in Caesium gave excellent agreement with theoretical predictions based on collision broadening of this Raman transition. In addition, this work gave an insight into the role photoionization plays in increasing the threshold under certain circumstances. The analysis suggests that laser pulse duration and vapour column length are important in determining whether Raman threshold can be exceeded.

•Jan 1, 1982•0 citations

Stimulated Electronic Raman Scattering and Optically Pumped Stimulated Emission in Rubidium Vapour

In Y

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The observation of the competition and suppression for stimulated Raman scattering near the potassium 4S-5P resonance

Hau-wei Wang, Mao-Hong Lu

The competition of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) between 4S-(5P)-5S and 4S-(3D)-5S channels has been observed as a laser is tuned near the 4S-5P resonance in potassium vapour. The experimental results show that SRS only occurs in the 4S-(5P)-5S channel. In this Raman scattering, suppression of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) (5S-4P) has been observed. The influence of the four-wave mixing (FWM) processes on the SRS is discussed. In the 4S-(5P)-3D channel, in the backward direction no detectable emission corresponding to SRS (4S-(5P)-3D) has been observed, so the forward (5P)-3D emission should be FWM, not SRS. The ASE (3D-4P) arises from the ASE (5P-3D), which can be observed in the backward direction.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Oct 31, 2000•2 citations

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering in caesium vapour

Alan Corney, K Gardner

Experiments are reported in which a pulsed dye-laser beam nu L was focused into a heat-pipe oven containing caesium vapour at densities of about 10 17 cm -3 . Optically pumped fixed-frequency infra-red laser emission nu IR and tunable stimulated electronic Raman-scattered radiation nu S were observed. In addition the generation of ultra-violet radiation by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering nu UV = nu L - nu S + nu IR was detected. Focused-beam phase matching appears to play a significant role in this process.

Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics•Jun 14, 1978•3 citations

Saturation and tuning behavior of stimulated electronic Raman scattering

D. Cotter, D. Hanna

The saturation behavior of stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) in atomic vapors is studied theoretically and experimentally. Limits to the SERS output energy are imposed by both pump depletion and saturation of the Raman transition. The effects of these on the performance of tunable infrared lasers based on SERS are examined.

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Mar 1, 1978•27 citations
Using a specially designed heat-pipe oven, the 5S1/2-6S1/2 stimulated electronic Eaman scattering (SERS) and some relative amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) have been observed in superheated Rb vapour. The experimental results reveal that ASE processes have some new characteristics and have dramatic influence on the tuning profiles of the SERS signal.
Recent work has demonstrated the potential of stimulated electronic Raman scattering, SERS, as a tunable IR source. The current work has aimed at an extension of the performance of SERS in the two areas of tuning capability and narrower linewidth; to this end a variety of stimulated electronic Raman schemes have been investigated. Initially the theoretical background of SERS and of various possible competing processes is reviewed. The construction and performance of the dye lasers and heat pipe ovens used for the work are then described, followed by a presentation and discussion of the experimental work performed; this work falls into four main areas. Firstly the potential of pump and SERS feedback schemes to extend the tuning ranges of an existing alkali metal SERS system, Cs 6s-7s, has been investigated, under non-optimum conditions; results from this appear promising for future work. Secondly, we have demonstrated for the first time the possibility of obtaining a tunable IR output from a fifth order nonlinear process, stimulated hyper-Raman scattering, SHRS, in Na vapour. Various aspects of theory and behaviour of this process are described. The advantages of obtaining SERS from an excited initial state have been considered; preliminary results have proved disappointing and have led us to consider possible limiting mechanisms in such processes. Finally SERS in alkaline earths is considered; only few such schemes would appear to be viable for various reasons. One such scheme in Ba has however yielded a 0.2cm-1 system-limited SERS linewidth, a narrower SERS linewidth than has previously been attained; indications are that narrower linewidths still may be attainable, although further work will be necessary to verify this. These results also suggest that the optical Stark effect and power broadening have less influence on the Raman linewidth than has previously been thought.
Stimulated electronic Raman scattering, SERS, is a simple method of efficiently generating widely tunable infrared radiation. This work describes techniques by which the tuning capability of this process may be extended. To this end several schemes in Caesium and Barium vapours have been investigated. In Barium vapour two Raman transitions were studied using fixed frequency lasers. Poor performance of one of these transitions led to the application of biharmonic pumping or 'coherent Raman mixing' to enable generation of infrared light, and was the first observation of this process in an atomic vapour. This technique was subsequently used to generate infrared light from tunable dye laser light, which gave continuous tuning from 1.16µm to 1.5µm. The process was found to be limited by atomic saturation. The effect which saturation has on the generation efficiency is considered theoretically, and predicts quite accurately the observed tuning behaviour. Two methods aimed at reducing molecular absorption effects in SERS in alkali vapours were investigated. The techniques employed either laser excitation and dissociation of the molecules or a reduction in their ground state concentration by superheating of the vapour. Some degree of success was achieved in improving the available tuning from the 6s-7s transition in Caesium. However, the inclusion of the effect of collision broadening of atomic transitions into a calculation of the Raman threshold suggests that little further improvement can be obtained on this transition. A direct measurement of the Raman threshold power on the 6s-5d5/2 transition in Caesium gave excellent agreement with theoretical predictions based on collision broadening of this Raman transition. In addition, this work gave an insight into the role photoionization plays in increasing the threshold under certain circumstances. The analysis suggests that laser pulse duration and vapour column length are important in determining whether Raman threshold can be exceeded.
The competition of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) between 4S-(5P)-5S and 4S-(3D)-5S channels has been observed as a laser is tuned near the 4S-5P resonance in potassium vapour. The experimental results show that SRS only occurs in the 4S-(5P)-5S channel. In this Raman scattering, suppression of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) (5S-4P) has been observed. The influence of the four-wave mixing (FWM) processes on the SRS is discussed. In the 4S-(5P)-3D channel, in the backward direction no detectable emission corresponding to SRS (4S-(5P)-3D) has been observed, so the forward (5P)-3D emission should be FWM, not SRS. The ASE (3D-4P) arises from the ASE (5P-3D), which can be observed in the backward direction.
Experiments are reported in which a pulsed dye-laser beam nu L was focused into a heat-pipe oven containing caesium vapour at densities of about 10 17 cm -3 . Optically pumped fixed-frequency infra-red laser emission nu IR and tunable stimulated electronic Raman-scattered radiation nu S were observed. In addition the generation of ultra-violet radiation by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering nu UV = nu L - nu S + nu IR was detected. Focused-beam phase matching appears to play a significant role in this process.