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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

Quantum Cryptography of Continuous Variable with QuadratureSqueezed State Light

Yong Li

Published Jan 1, 2002• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Scheme of quantum cryptography based on single mode quadrature phase and amplitude squeezed state lights is presented. The binary key is obtained by modulating the phase quadrature or amplitude quadrature of the quadrature squeezed coherent state. The uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics provides the quantum protection. Eavesdropping from optical tapping will degrade the signal to noise ratio of the results measured by the authorized receiver and hence be revealed. Comparing with that using a coherent state light, the application of the squeezed state light enhances the security significantly.

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Scheme of quantum cryptography based on single mode quadrature phase and amplitude squeezed state lights is presented. The binary key is obtained by modulating the phase quadrature or amplitude quadrature of the quadrature squeezed coherent state. The uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics provides the quantum protection. Eavesdropping from optical tapping will degrade the signal to noise ratio of the results measured by the authorized receiver and hence be revealed. Comparing with that using a coherent state light, the application of the squeezed state light enhances the security significantly.
Quantum cryptography with the predetermined key was experimentally realized using Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) correlations of continuously bright optical beams. Only one of two EPR correlated beams is transmitted with the signals modulated on quadrature phases and amplitudes, and the other one is retained by the authorized receiver. The modulated small signals are totally submerged in the large quantum noise of the signal beam, therefore nobody except the authorized receiver can decode the signals. Usability of imperfect quantum correlation, high transmission and detection efficiencies, and security provided by quantum mechanics are the favorable features of the presented scheme.
A quantum key distribution scheme based on the use of squeezed states is presented. The states are squeezed in one of two field quadrature components, and the value of the squeezed component is used to encode a character from an alphabet. The uncertainty relation between quadrature components prevents an eavesdropper from determining both with enough precision to determine the character being sent. Losses degrade the performance of this scheme, but it is possible to use phase sensitive amplifiers to boost the signal and partially compensate for their effect.
The possibility of using squeezed states in the recently suggested unidimensional continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on a single quadrature modulation is addressed. It is shown that squeezing of the signal states expands the physicality bounds of the effective entangled state shared between the trusted parties due to the antisqueezing noise in the unmodulated quadrature. Modulation of the antisqueezed quadrature, on the other hand, effectively shrinks the physicality bounds due to the squeezing in the unmodulated quadrature and also provides noise on the reference side of the protocol, thus limiting the possibility of eavesdropping in noisy channels. This strategy is practical for low-loss (i.e., short-distance) channels, especially if direct reconciliation scheme is applied.
By analogy to classical cryptography, we develop a quantum cryptographic scheme in which the two public and private keys consist in each of two entangled beams of squeezed light. An analog secret information is encrypted by modulating the phase of the beam sent in public. The knowledge of the degree of nonclassical correlation between the beam quadratures measured in private and in public allows only the receiver to decrypt the secret information. Finally, in a view towards absolute security, we formally prove that any external intervention of an eavesdropper makes him vulnerable to any subsequent detection.
By analogy to classical cryptography, we develop a "quantum public key" based cryptographic scheme in which the two public and private keys consist in each of two entangled beams of squeezed light. An analog message is encrypted by modulating the phase of the beam sent in public. The knowledge of the degree of non classical correlation between the beam quadratures measured in private and in public allows only the receiver to decrypt the message. Finally, in a view towards absolute security, we formally prove that any external intervention of an eavesdropper makes him vulnerable to any subsequent detection.
We propose a quantum state sharing scheme for continuous variables using bright two-mode squeezed state and single-mode squeezed state light. The squeezing of a single-mode state is applied to enhance the security of information in quantum teleportation network. The signal-to-noise ratio of communication and the fidelity between the secret and reconstruction state are analysed. It is shown that both the receivers of Bob and Charlie cannot extract information with a high signal-to-noise ratio because of the large noise come from the other quadrature component of single mode squeezed state. Anyone of Bob and Charlie can retrieve the quantum state with a high signal-to-noise ratio if and only if the other one cooperates with the measurement.