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Acta Optica Sinica

Study of the resonance multiphoton ionization of Gd atoms

Jing Qu

Published Jan 1, 1990• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Four strong two-photon transitions by resonance ionization technique are reported for the first time. Two color three-photon laser isotope seperation and high resolution speotrosoopy of Gd atoms are also studied. The lineshape of the ionization spectra is explained qualitatively.

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Single-colour resonant multiphoton ionization transitions of atomic gadolinium have been investigated by resonance ionization mass spectrometry. A total of 72 transitions have been found in the wavelength range of 530 - 635 nm. The wavelengths, relative intensities, linewidths and isotope shifts have been obtained for most of these transitions. In addition, the initial state for each transition has also been assigned employing the multicolour pump - probe technique. From the analysis of these transitions, it is found that most of the observed transitions arise from the three-photon process via the resonant first or second state and their isotope shifts correspond well with those of the resonant states. Based on these results, we have proposed new high-lying states and have determined isotope shifts of several excited states.
In the present study we have investigated three-photon ionization in Ca in which autoionizing states are engaged. The two-photon resonant process (from the Ca ground state 4s 2 1 S 0 ) occurred through or at least in the vicinity of one of the following states: 4s4d 1 D 2 , 4p 2 3 P 2 , 4s6s 1 S 0 , 4p 2 1 D 2 and 4p 2 1 S 0 , with the third photon either reaching the continuum directly or one of the autoionizing states. The three-photon resonant transitions to 3d m p, m f: 1 P 1 , 3 P 1 and 3 D 1 autoionizing states for m up to 21 have been observed. Some of the autoionizing resonances which we have found had not been observed before in a high-resolution one-photon absorption experiment (for J = 1) and in multiphoton experiments (for J = 3). We have compared the ionization signal as a function of the laser detuning and the laser intensity with theoretical curves obtained within a simple model (three-level atom + one-mode laser field). This gives information about the order of magnitude of the three-photon ionization probability through autoionizing states.
The non linear interaction between an intense laser radiation and atoms leads to ionization through the absorption of N photons from the laser radiation via laser-induced virtual states. The multiphoton ionization rate varies as a function of the laser intensity I as IN. We discuss the two most important effects which govern multiphoton ionization processes : resonance effects and laser-coherence effects. In a moderate laser intensity range (107 - 109 W cm-2) corresponding to the two, three or four-photon ionization of atoms, resonance effects play a dominant role while the photon statistics of the laser radiation are relatively unimportant. On the contrary, in the very high intensity range (1012 - 1013 W cm-2) required to observe large Nth - order ionization processes, coherence effects play a dominant role through N! enhancement in the N-photon ionization rate, while resonance effects are completely damped due to the high laser intensity. We conclude by reviewing the possible applications of multiphoton absorption processes in other fields.