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Journal of Computer Applications

Quantum particle swarm optimization based on Bloch coordinates of qubits

Yafei Huang

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

To improve the efficiency of Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),a quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with quantum theory on the basis of Bloch sphere was proposed.In Bloch spherical coordinates,the particle automatically updated rotation angle and particle position,without setting the rotation angle in the form of look-up table(or setting fixed value of the interval),making up for the deficiency of quantum evolutionary algorithm and quantum genetic algorithm on the basis of Bloch sphere,and the algorithm is more generalizable.Using quantum Hadamard gate to realize the variation of particle enhanced the diversity of population,and prompted particle jump out of local extreme value.The simulation results of the typical function optimization problem show that the algorithm is stable with high precision and fast convergence rate,and it is practical.

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To improve the efficiency of Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO),a quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm combined with quantum theory on the basis of Bloch sphere was proposed.In Bloch spherical coordinates,the particle automatically updated rotation angle and particle position,without setting the rotation angle in the form of look-up table(or setting fixed value of the interval),making up for the deficiency of quantum evolutionary algorithm and quantum genetic algorithm on the basis of Bloch sphere,and the algorithm is more generalizable.Using quantum Hadamard gate to realize the variation of particle enhanced the diversity of population,and prompted particle jump out of local extreme value.The simulation results of the typical function optimization problem show that the algorithm is stable with high precision and fast convergence rate,and it is practical.
To improve the efficiency of particle swarm optimization, a quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed on the basis of analyzing the search process of particle swarm optimization algorithm. In the proposed algorithm, particles are endoded by qubits described on the Bloch sphere, each particle occupy three locations of the search space, and each location represents a optimization solution. By employing the search method of general PSO to adjust the two parameters of qubit, the qubits rotation are performed on the Bloch sphere, which can simultaneously update three locations occupied by a qubit and quickly approach the global optimal solution. The experimental results of standard test function extreme optimization and fuzzy controller parameters optimization show that the proposed algorithm is superior to other similar algorithm in optimization ability and optimization efficiency.
To enhance optimization ability of quantum potential well-based particle swarm optimization algorithm,a quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm based on Bloch spherical search is proposed by analyzing the design of quantum potential well-based particle swarm optimization algorithms.Firstly,particles are expressed with qubits,axis of rotation is established with Pauli matrix,the angle of rotation is obtained with a model of Delta potential well,and search is realized with rotation of qubits in Bloch sphere.Then,to avoid premature convergence,mutation of particles is achieved with Hadamard gates.Such rotation makes current qubit approximates target qubit along with the biggest circle on Bloch sphere,which accelerates optimization process.It shows that the proposed algorithm is superior to the original one in optimization ability.
To improve the efficiency of particle swarm optimization,a quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed on the basis of analyzing the search process of particle swarm optimization algorithm.In the proposed algorithm,particles are endoded by qubits described on the Bloch sphere,each particle occupy three locations of the search space,and each location represents a optimization solution.By employing the search method of general PSO to adjust the two parameters of qubit,the qubits rotation are performed on the Bloch sphere,which can simultaneously update three loations occupied by a qubit and quickly approach the global optimal solution.The experimental results of standard test function extreme optimization and fuzzy controller parameters optimization show that the proposed algorithm is superior to other similar algorithm in optimization ability and optimization efficiency.
To enhance the performance of quantum-behaved PSO, some improvements are proposed. First, an encoding method based on the Bloch sphere is presented. In this method, each particle carries three groups of Bloch coordinates of qubits, and these coordinates are actually the approximate solutions. The particles are updated by rotating qubits about an axis on the Bloch sphere, which can simultaneously adjust two parameters of qubits, and can automatically achieve the best matching of two adjustments. The optimization process is employed in the n-dimensional space [-1, 1]n, so this approach fits to many optimization problems. The experimental results show that this algorithm is superior to the original quantum-behaved PSO.
The Ant Colony Algorithm is an effective method for solving combinatorial optimization problems. However, in practical applications, there also exist issues such as slow convergence speed and easy to fall into local extremum. This paper proposes an improved Quantum Ant Colony Algorithm based on Bloch coordinates by combining Quantum Evolutionary Algorithm with Ant Colony Algorithm. In this algorithm, the current position information of ants is represented by the Bloch spherical coordinates of qubits; position update, position variation and random behavior of ants are all achieved with quantum rotation gate. Simulations of function extremum problem, TSP problem and QoS multicast routing problem were conducted, the results indicated that the algorithm could overcome prematurity, with a faster convergence speed and higher solution accuracy.
In view of the shortcomings of particle swarm optimization such as premature convergence to local optimization, particle swarm optimization algorithm based on quantum gate and particle swarm optimization algorithm based on quantum behavior are studied in this paper. The first algorithm uses the random observation method of quantum bit coding particles to simulate quantum particle collapse for generating a population and uses the quantum rotating gate to generate a new population. The adaptive mutation operator is used for ensuring the diversity of the population, effectively reducing the impact of local optimization; therefore, the robustness of the algorithm is improved. The second algorithm uses the probability density function of quantum computation to make the particles jump out of the local extreme points and fulfils the global search, which is more suitable for continuous optimization. The results of computational experiments show that both the two particle swarm optimization algorithms based on quantum technology have a good global convergence.