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Design of High Speed Quantum Random Number Acquisition System Without Post-processing Based on Automatic Bias-correcting

Wang Jian-mi

Published Jan 1, 2015• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this article,a random number generator without post- processing,which uses the randomness of photon in optics quantum random source,is designed. The designemploys feeble light to detect at single photon level. The pulse number detected by in fixed period obeys Possion distribution,but effect of electronic components and readout electronics distorts Possion distribution. Controlling mean count can eliminate bias to achieve unbiased in statistics. High quality and high speed random numbers using automatic bias- correcting technique is producedwithout post- processing and passes all standard tests relevant for random number generators,like NIST,Diehard.

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Optics Express•Jun 2, 2010•194 citations
In this article,a random number generator without post- processing,which uses the randomness of photon in optics quantum random source,is designed. The designemploys feeble light to detect at single photon level. The pulse number detected by in fixed period obeys Possion distribution,but effect of electronic components and readout electronics distorts Possion distribution. Controlling mean count can eliminate bias to achieve unbiased in statistics. High quality and high speed random numbers using automatic bias- correcting technique is producedwithout post- processing and passes all standard tests relevant for random number generators,like NIST,Diehard.
This paper proposes and demonstrates an optical quantum random number generator based on distribution of single photon pulse amplitude of a photomultiplier tube.The light emitted from ultraviolet LED is attenuated into discrete single photon sequence.After these photons are detected by the photomultiplier tube,the single-photon pulses with random distribution are output.Digital values of peaks of these single-photon pulses are used as the entropy sources of random number generation.In order to reduce the bias of the raw extracted random number,the SHA-256 post processing method based on FPGA is proposed and implemented.When our designed quantum random number generator works at a counting rate of 500kc/s,7random bits can be extracted on average per detected photon,and a random number generation rate of 3.5Mbit/s is obtained.The random bit sequences are tested by random number test programs ENT and STS.The test results show that the generated random bit sequences fully meet the standards of true random numbers.
We demonstrate a novel high speed and multi-bit optical quantum random number generator by continuously measuring arrival time of photons with a common starting point. To obtain the unbiased and post-processing free random bits, the measured photon arrival time is converted into the sum of integral multiple of a fixed period and a phase time. Theoretical and experimental results show that the phase time is an independent and uniform random variable. A random bit extraction method by encoding the phase time is proposed. An experimental setup has been built and the unbiased random bit generation rate could reach 128 Mb/s, with random bit generation efficiency of 8 bits per detected photon. The random numbers passed all tests in the statistical test suite.
This paper proposes and demonstrates an optical quantum random number generator based on distribution of single photon pulse amplitude of a photomultiplier tube. The light emitted from ultraviolet LED is attenuated into discrete single photon sequence. After these photons are detected by the photomultiplier tube, the single-photon pulses with random distribution are output. Digital values of peaks of these single-photon pulses are used as the entropy sources of random number generation. In order to reduce the bias of the raw extracted random number, the SHA-256 post processing method based on FPGA is proposed and implemented. When our designed quantum random number generator works at a counting rate of 500 kc/s, 7 random bits can be extracted on average per detected photon, and a random number generation rate of 3.5 Mbit/s is obtained. The random bit sequences are tested by random number test programs ENT and STS. The test results show that the generated random bit sequences fully meet the standards of true random numbers. ©, 2015, Board of Optronics Lasers. All right reserved.
An optical quantum random number generator based on parity of the number of photons detected in the equal time intervals was proposed. Light emitted from a continuous wave laser diode is attenuated into discrete single-photon sequence. The single photon is detected by a single-photon avalanche photodiode module. Random bit is extracted by measuring the parity of number of photons detected in equal time interval. The random bit extraction circuit based on field programmable gate array was developed. The influences of the size of time interval and the performance parameters of single photon module on performance of the designed random number generator were analyzed. In order to achieve a random bit generator with small deviation and fast generation rate, a method of setting time interval automatically according to average counting rate was proposed. A random bit generation rate of 2 Mbit/s was obtained when the designed random number generator works on a counting rate of 20 Mcps and the equal time interval is set as 0.5 μs. The random bit sequences were tested by random number test program ENT and STS. The test results show that the generated random bit sequences fully meet the standards of true random numbers, and do not require post-processin ©, 2015, Chinese Optical Society. All right reserved.
Aiming at the problem that the current Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) cannot simultaneously meet the high-speed and real-time requirements of random number generation in quantum key distribution communication, this paper improves the QRNG scheme based on pulse laser as light source to extract phase information. The random phase information is converted into light intensity information by single-mode Michelson interferometer, and then converted into electrical signal by high-speed Photo Detector (PD). Finally, the real-time quantum random number generation rate of 1.1 Gbit/s is obtained by using 16 bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) with 250 MHz sampling rate and 50% extraction rate. A high-speed, real-time and integrated QRNG equipment is realized. At the same time, the advantages of this scheme and continuous laser as light source in principle and system design are compared. QRNG based on pulsed laser light source has passed various tests of China Academy of Information and Communications. The random number output by the product in the process of stable operation can pass 15 test standards specified in the State Cryptography Administration randomness test document GB/T 32915-2016 and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) test standards.