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Chongqing Shifan Daxue xuebao. Ziran kexue ban

Reinterpreation Vector A in Quantum Mechanics

Yonghong Gu

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

This text introduces the electromagnetism AB effect by quoting an experiment done by Chambers R.G.of England.According to the basic concept of the quantum theory,we compute the ambulatory value of two kinds of interference.Its calculation is completely equal to the experiment data.So we can conclude vector A has the basic physics meaning and the certain phyusics effect in quantum theories.Therefore,vector A has directly effect on electronic dynamics behavior in outside magnetic field.In order to understand that vector A is a basic physics entity,vector A is redefined as a new physical entity as the definition of E and B.

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This text introduces the electromagnetism AB effect by quoting an experiment done by Chambers R.G.of England.According to the basic concept of the quantum theory,we compute the ambulatory value of two kinds of interference.Its calculation is completely equal to the experiment data.So we can conclude vector A has the basic physics meaning and the certain phyusics effect in quantum theories.Therefore,vector A has directly effect on electronic dynamics behavior in outside magnetic field.In order to understand that vector A is a basic physics entity,vector A is redefined as a new physical entity as the definition of E and B.
In classic theories, the movement equations of the system just include the field itself, so vectorA is introduced for the mathematical demand , it is considered that only the field has a direct physics meaning. With the research named as Aharonov - Bohm, people find out B is not enough to describe the magnetic field, it can not explain the phenomena of electronics in outside magnetic field , for example, interference and dispersion. In this paper, vectorA in electromagnetic theories has be reinterpreted and redefined.
The AB (Aharonov-Bohm) effect is a pivotal quantum mechanical phenomenon that illustrates the fundamental role of the electromagnetic vector potential A in determining the phase of a charged particle's wave function, even in regions where the magnetic field B is zero.This effect demonstrates that quantum particles are influenced not only by the fields directly present but also by the potentials associated with those fields.In the AB effect, an electron beam is split into two paths, with one path encircling a solenoid and the other bypassing it.Despite the absence of a magnetic field in the regions traversed by the beams, the vector potential A associated with the magnetic flux  through the solenoid induces a phase shift in the electron's wave function.This phase shift, quantified by qc     , manifests as a change in the interference pattern observed in the detection screen.The phenomenon underscores the principle of gauge invariance in QED (quantum electrodynamics), where physical observables remain invariant under local gauge transformations of the vector and scalar potentials.This reinforces the notion that the vector potential A has a profound impact on quantum systems, beyond its classical role.This article outlines the AB effect, including its theoretical framework, experimental observations, and implications.The focus on the role of the vector potential in quantum mechanics provides a comprehensive understanding of this important phenomenon.
The Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect is an important discovery of quantum theory. It serves as a surprising quantum phenomenon in which an electrically charged particle can be affected by an electromagnetic potential, despite being confined to a region in which both the magnetic field and electric field are zero. This fact gives the electromagnetic potentials greater significance in quantum physics than in classical physics. The original AB effect belongs to an “electromagnetic type”. A certain vector potential is crucial for building a certain type of AB effect. In this work, we focus on the “spin”, which is an intrinsic property of microscopic particles that has been widely accepted nowadays. First, we propose the hypothesis of spin vector potential by considering a particle with a spin operator. Second, to verify the existence of such a spin vector potential, we present a gedanken double-slit interference experiment (i.e., the spin AB effect), which is possible to be observed in the lab. Third, we apply the spin vector potential to naturally explain why there were the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya-type interaction and the dipole-dipole interaction between spins, and also predict a new type of spin-orbital interaction.
We present a review and discussion of the physical meaning of the vector potential in electromagnetism by means of a classical experiment in which a long solenoid, connected to a sinusoidal voltage supply, produces an electric field and a vector potential in a circuit exterior to the solenoid itself. Some basic considerations are recalled concerning the meaning of action-at-a-distance and local description, in terms of 'real fields' of the induced electromotive force on the circuit outside the solenoid. From this viewpoint the roles played by the magnetic field, the electric field and the vector potential to account for the physical effects are reviewed. Finally, the connections between these considerations and the magnetic Aharonov–Bohm effect are recalled in the light of recent theoretical work aimed at explaining the Aharonov–Bohm phase shift in terms of the magnetic field without resorting to the vector potential.
This article describes the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) effect of electron waves travelling in free space and its application to the observation of gauge fields (vector potentials). The AB effect is inconceivable in classical physics since an observable effect is produced on electrons passing through field-free spaces. Electrons can be affected only by Lorentz forces due to electromagnetic fields. The situation is different in quantum mechanics, where electrons show wave properties: the concept of force is no longer relevant, so electric field E and magnetic field B, defined as forces acting on a unit charge, take on secondary meanings. “Phase shifts” come into play, and the primary physical entities become neither E nor B but electrostatic potential V and vector potential A. These potentials interact with electron waves and shift their phases.