The new field of recent developments in quantum computation is reviewed This is an elementary introduction to quantum geometric computation and topological quantum computation.
In the first part of this review we introduce the basics theory behind geometric phases and emphasize their importance in quantum theory. The subject is presented in a general way so as to illustrate its wide applicability, but we also introduce a number of examples that will help the reader understand the basic issues involved. In the second part we show how to perform a universal quantum computation using only geometric effects appearing in quantum phases. It is then finally discussed how this geometric way of performing quantum gates can lead to a stable, large scale, intrinsically fault-tolerant quantum computer.
We investigate some classes of locally Hamiltonian systems. To formulate a global Hamiltonian formalism a nontrivial principal U(1) bundle over a multi-particle dynamical space is constructed. Lift of dynamics to the total space is considered for the models. Absence of a transposition operator lifting to the bundle space forces us to review a statistics theme from a new standpoint. A topological invariant to characterize system properties is generalized by using geometrical methods and the anyon analogy.
We review the q-deformed spin network approach to Topological Quantum Field Theory and apply these methods to produce unitary representations of the braid groups that are dense in the unitary groups. Our methods are rooted in the bracket state sum model for the Jones polynomial. We give our results for a large class of representations based on values for the bracket polynomial that are roots of unity. We make a separate and self-contained study of the quantum universal Fibonacci model in this framework. We apply our results to give quantum algorithms for the computation of the colored Jones polynomials for knots and links, and the Witten–Reshetikhin–Turaev invariant of three manifolds.