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Acta Sinica Quantum Optica

Analysis and Simulation of the Link Duration of Satellite-Ground Quantum Key Distribution

Tianpeng Zhang

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Link duration is one of the most important parameters which influence the quantum bit rate of the satellite-ground quantum key distribution.The factors that may influence the link duration are analyzed,and the simulation shows that with the increasing of the orbital altitude and the decreasing of the minimum elevation angle,the link duration is improved greatly;meanwhile,the distance between ground track of satellite and ground station is very important to the link duration of single photons link,so is the distance between two ground stations to entangled photons link;in the end,the link duration of entangled photons link is more complex than single photons link for its influencing factors,it is eventually determined by the relation of the ground track of satellite and the location of two ground stations.

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Link duration is one of the most important parameters which influence the quantum bit rate of the satellite-ground quantum key distribution.The factors that may influence the link duration are analyzed,and the simulation shows that with the increasing of the orbital altitude and the decreasing of the minimum elevation angle,the link duration is improved greatly;meanwhile,the distance between ground track of satellite and ground station is very important to the link duration of single photons link,so is the distance between two ground stations to entangled photons link;in the end,the link duration of entangled photons link is more complex than single photons link for its influencing factors,it is eventually determined by the relation of the ground track of satellite and the location of two ground stations.
Quantum bit error rate is an important operating parameter in quantum key distribution.As to the satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution,the highly attenuated laser pulses with Poisson distribution are used as single-photon sources.The theoretical model of the quantum bit error rate caused by the background light is established and the expressions of the quantum bit error rate are given.The quantum bit error rate is analyzed in the numerical simulation for the laser links between a ground station and a 300km altitude satellite in a low earth orbit.The study shows that the background light is one of the main factors that limit the link distance for free-space quantum key distribution,and that it is feasible to implement quantum key distribution between a ground station and a satellite in a low earth orbit.In daylight,the quantum bit error rate is on the order of 10-3～10-2,at night,10-4 during a full moon and 10-6～10-5 during a new moon.
The quantum bit rate is an important operating parameter in free-space quantum key distribution. We introduce the measuring factor and the sifting factor, and present the expressions of the quantum bit rate based on the ideal single-photon sources and the single-photon sources with Poisson distribution. The quantum bit rate is studied in the numerical simulation for the laser links between a ground station and a satellite in a low earth orbit. The results show that it is feasible to implement quantum key distribution between a ground station and a satellite in a low earth orbit.
Quantum bit rate is an important parameter in quantum key distribution system.Quantum link during time in a satellite-to-ground quantum key distribution system was studied,and the variation of pitch angle at facility was analyzed.Then the link model between low earth orbit and earth station was built.By numerical analyzing,it is shown that,quantum bit rate varies with the satellite's movement and in the centre of link,the quantum bit rate reaches the maximal value.The results show that quantum bit rate in an earth-based station and low earth orbit satellite QKD system can reach the practical demand and is feasible.
The expressions of the quantum key bit rate are given for free-space quantum key distribution by introducing the quantum channel transmission, the single-photon acquisition probability, the detection factor and the sifting factor. The quantum key bit rate is studied in the numerical simulation for the laser links between a ground station and a satellite in a low earth orbit. The results show that it is feasible to implement quantum key distribution between a ground station and a satellite in a low earth orbit.
Two theoretical models of single-photon acquisition probability based on the fundamental-mode Gaussian beam are established for free-space quantum key distribution and are compared in theory and simulation. The parameters that influence the single-photon acquisition probability are the transmitter's tracking-pointing error, the far-field divergence angle, the link distance between the transmitter and receiver and the receiver's antenna aperture. The single-photon acquisition probability is analyzed in the numerical simulation and its orders of magnitude are given for the ground-to-ground, satellite-to-ground and satellite-to-satellite links. The results of the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulation show that it is feasible to acquire single-photon for the satellite-to-ground and satellite-to-satellite quantum key distribution.
In the field of Cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is an application of Quantum Information theory that obtained a great deal of attention in recent years. It allows to establish secret keys between two or more parties, in a much safer way than that implemented by classic cryptography (based on discrete logarithms and factorization of prime numbers). The most promising way of realizing a QKD network (especially over great distances) in the near future is by a constellation of satellites. This paper considers the problem of optimizing the orbits of the satellites in order to maximize the minimum key length shared in a network of ground stations over a fixed amount of time. Different networks of stations are considered and the influence of their geographical disposition on the design and the performance index is highlighted. The networks considered are: a global constellation, a regional European constellation, and two in which there are groups of stations in two different narrow bands of latitude. The effect of Inter-satellite links is then taken into account and how, in some cases, they can improve the performances. Finally the daily performance of the considered constellations are analyzed.