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Journal of Shanxi University

Ultracold Molecules Formation Via Photoassociation and Its Spectrum Measurement

Liantuan Xiao

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

We reviewed the progress on ultra-cold molecules researches,analyzed the characteristics and physical mechanism in the formation of ultra-cold molecules via photoassociation and gave a detailed analysis of the obtained photoassociation spectrum.

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Progress on research in the field of molecules at cold and ultracold temperatures is reported in this review. It covers extensively the experimental methods to produce, detect and characterize cold and ultracold molecules including association of ultracold atoms, deceleration by external fields and kinematic cooling. Confinement of molecules in different kinds of traps is also discussed. The basic theoretical issues related to the knowledge of the molecular structure, the atom–molecule and molecule–molecule mutual interactions, and to their possible manipulation and control with external fields, are reviewed. A short discussion on the broad area of applications completes the review.
Since the first observation of ultracold molecules in Orsay, investigation of new ways of creating ultracold molecules inside cold atom traps is a challenging task for both theoretical and experimental groups. In this paper, we review some of our recent results on formation processes using cw laser photoassociation of cold atoms, involving population of long‐range molecular potential wells, or resonant coupling. We implemented accurate numerical methods based on a mapped Fourier grid approach, to solve time‐independent Schrödinger equation, in order to obtain quantitative predictions for ultracold molecule formation rates and detection efficiency.
In recent years several groups of researchers have succeeded in making samples of cold molecules, at temperatures below 1 K, and of ultracold molecules, at temperatures below 1 mK. We concentrate on the formation of Cs2 dimers. Starting with laser-cooled atoms, photoassociation forms molecules in an excited electronic state. Various mechanisms are presented for stabilizing these molecules by spontaneous emission into a bound level of the ground electronic state. The design of new formation schemes requires precise knowledge of molecular potential curves that is well beyond the accuracy of ab initio calculations. We show that analytical long-range potentials can be fitted on photoassociation spectra and yield, through the determination of the C3 long-range coefficient, a value of the radiative lifetime of the 6P3/2 cesium level with an unprecedented accuracy. For short-range potentials it is possible to avoid explicit calculations by using asymptotic methods that generalize to long-range molecules the quantum-defect concepts developed for Rydberg atoms. Considering two coupled channels, we show how generalized Lu–Fano plots can extract precise information from experimental spectra.