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Acta Physica Sinica

THEORETICAL ANALYSES OF A DOPPLER TYPE ATOMIC INTERFEROMETER

Xinye Xu, Yuzhu Wang, 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所量子光学(联合)开放研究实验室

Published Jan 1, 1997• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Based on the analyses of a moving three-level atom interacting slantingly with a standing wave laser field, two kinds of atomic interferometries are designed. The coherent splitting, deflection, combination and free propagating of the atomic waves in the two atomic interferometers are studied in detail.The results show that the interference effects resulting from interaction between different internal states of the atom will occur when some conditions are met by both the atom and the light field. Finally, we have analysed theoretically how to realize and demonstrate the-atomic interferometry by using the two methods.

DOI
10.7498/aps.46.1062

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Based on the analyses of a moving three-level atom interacting slantingly with a standing wave laser field, two kinds of atomic interferometries are designed. The coherent splitting, deflection, combination and free propagating of the atomic waves in the two atomic interferometers are studied in detail.The results show that the interference effects resulting from interaction between different internal states of the atom will occur when some conditions are met by both the atom and the light field. Finally, we have analysed theoretically how to realize and demonstrate the-atomic interferometry by using the two methods.
A new method of realizing coherent split of atomic wave packet has been presented in this paper. Due to using Doppler effect and stimulated Raman transition, it Can be applied directly in thermal atomic beam and only needs a single-frequency standing wave laser field. Theoretical analyses show that of both atoms and light field meet some conditions, atomic wave packet will be split coherently after interaction. Finally,the experiment of the atomic beam splitter by using this method is described. The results are in good agreement with the theoretical predication.
We present an atom interferometer based on the interference of three partial matter waves in three different internal and external states. Coherent laser excitation acts as a beamsplitter to create a superposition state of the ground state and two Zeeman sublevels of the metastable state of magnesium atoms. The interference pattern of the output ports shows high contrast and the characteristics of three-beam interferences as known from optical interferometry. In comparison to two-beam interferometry a reduction of the fringe width of (32\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}8)% is observed. This offers various possibilities for improved measurements of quantum-mechanical phases due to the internal atomic-state sensitive coupling of external potentials. This is demonstrated for the interaction of magnesium atoms with an external magnetic field.
A new type of atomic interferometer is discussed, in which atoms with two ground-state Zeeman sub-levels m = ± 1, and an excited state with m = 0, pass through three laser interaction zones—each comprising two counter-propagating waves of opposite circular polarization with a large detuning from resonance. By means of Raman-type transitions between the two ground-state levels, which convey a recoil of two photon momenta, the atomic wave function is split up into two coherent spatially separated branches, and subsequently recombined. In this system, conservation of energy and momentum leads to a strong correlation between the external centre of mass motion and internal magnetic degrees of freedom. As a consequence, the paths within the interferometer are tagged by the internal quantum number m. As an example, we calculate the position and momentum distribution function of a helium atom on its way through the interferometer.
We have developed a three-level atom interferometer using three-level atoms coupled with bichromatic fields in order to investigate the phase information between two excited states. First, we presented a theoretical description of the interaction of three-level atoms with bichromatic fields based on single-transition operators. Using the time evolution of a wave function, the equations of the interference fringes and the visibility were derived and calculated for several types of the three-level atom interferometers with bichromatic fields. Optimum excitation conditions were evaluated. Next, several types of three-level atom interferometers were demonstrated experimentally using a thermal calcium atomic beam with two Zeeman substates of m=1 and m=-1 in the long-lived excited state coupled with bichromatic resonant fields between the ground state and the excited states. The behaviors of the interference fringes were compared among them along with the calculated results. The three-level atom interferometer excited by two bichromatic laser beams separated in space was found to produce the largest visibility among them when the excitation power of each frequency component was the same.
We have developed a three-level atom interferometer using three-level atoms coupled with bichromatic fields in order to investigate the phase information between two excited states. First, we presented a theoretical description of the interaction of three-level atoms with bichromatic fields based on single-transition operators. Using the time evolution of a wave function, the equations of the interference fringes and the visibility were derived and calculated for several types of the three-level atom interferometers with bichromatic fields. Optimum excitation conditions were evaluated. Next, several types of three-level atom interferometers were demonstrated experimentally using a thermal calcium atomic beam with two Zeeman substates of m=1m=1m=1 and $m=\ensuremath{-}1$ in the long-lived excited state coupled with bichromatic resonant fields between the ground state and the excited states. The behaviors of the interference fringes were compared among them along with the calculated results. The three-level atom interferometer excited by two bichromatic laser beams separated in space was found to produce the largest visibility among them when the excitation power of each frequency component was the same.