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Jisuanji yingyong yanjiu

Improved scheme of quantum key distribution based on BB84 protocol

Zhao Hong-tao

Published Jan 1, 2013• 1 citation
OpenAlex

Abstract

In order to solve the low transmission efficiency problem of the BB84 protocol in the noisy channel with wiretap inside,this paper proposed an improved scheme.The new scheme added a process,similar to signature,to the sender and the receiver,was able to judge the existence of eavesdropping,and the eavesdropper could only get a small amount of key information.So,the new scheme ensures the safety of the transmission process,at the same time,improves the efficiency of the quantum key distribution.

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In order to solve the low transmission efficiency problem of the BB84 protocol in the noisy channel with wiretap inside,this paper proposed an improved scheme.The new scheme added a process,similar to signature,to the sender and the receiver,was able to judge the existence of eavesdropping,and the eavesdropper could only get a small amount of key information.So,the new scheme ensures the safety of the transmission process,at the same time,improves the efficiency of the quantum key distribution.
In order to solve the low key distribution efficiency problem of the BB84 protocol, an improved BB84 quantum key distribution scheme is presented in this paper. Firstly the same polarization basis is used by the sender and the receiver with the consistent agreement. This process could make quantum key distribution rate higher. Then signature combined with the error correction method based on the odd and even parity is used to ensure the safety of the transmission. The analyses results indicate that the advantage of the improved scheme lies in that the all photons sent to Bob by Alice are useful. It can not only reduce the time extracting the original key, but also solve the authentication problem in the process of communication. The key distribution efficiency is two times of the original BB84 protocol improved scheme.
Quantum state in the channel is affected by several factors, which will bring detection error and make secure threshold of quantum distribution protocol unable to judge whether eavesdropping exists. We analyze the factors in real quantum channel, which affects the quantum state, develop a channel model, and derive a judging eavesdrop secure threshold formula of BB84 protocol based on an imperfect channel. Through calculating and simulating, the formula is proved to be more accurate to estimate the secure threshold of the BB84 protocol and more effective to judge eavesdropping. Meanwhile, this method can improve the security and the efficiency of key distribution.
The bit error rate is raised by the presence of the noise when the quantum key transmits in practice. So both sides of communication can not judge the presence of eavesdropping. For this issue, an improved scheme based on BB84 protocol is proposed by a paper of Luanxin that a matrix transformation is carried out for every quantum of both sides. The advantage of the transformation is that the eavesdropper can be found easily. But the disadvantage is that it leads to a low key generation rate. In this paper, an improvement that a matrix transformation is carried out randomly for the quantum of both sides based on the scheme of Luanxin is proposed. The result shows that not only the presence of eavesdropping can be judged easily, but also the key generation rate is increased significantly.
This paper establishes a channel model by analyzing various factors which affect the quantum state in the process of practical quantum communication, and derives, through calculation and simulation, a new formula for a safety threshold of eavesdropping discrimination by the BB84 Protocol. This formula can be used to estimate the safety communication threshold of the BB84 Protocol in non-ideal channels. The method for estimating the practical safety thresholds can decide more accurately whether or not eavesdropping exists in the process of quantum cipher key distribution, thus raising the safety and efficiency of communication process.
Cryptography is being introduced to secure data. Through Classical Cryptographic technique, we can encrypt our data and secure secret key also. But classical cryptography is based on mathematical techniques where reversing one-way function is possible with sufficient computing power and time. So, Quantum Cryptography is introduced to overcome those drawbacks of traditional classical cryptography. It is based on the values of quantum mechanics and photon. Scientists and researchers have brought up a new key distribution protocol based on Quantum Cryptography is called Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Protocol. The first QKD protocol BB84 was introduced by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. After that several QKD protocols have been created. In this paper we have improved BB84 Protocol by removing the drawbacks of the existing algorithm towards Eavesdropping which may not be detected or disclosing large portion of secret key. Steps of the existing BB84 algorithm along with the modified one is described in detail with example and pseudo code. Limitations of BB84 and comparative study of both the existing and the improved one based on their security has been made and described in this current work.