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Optoelectronics Instrumentation and Data Processing

Method for determining the quality of an antirelaxation coating in optical cells

K. A. Nasyrov

Published Jan 1, 2016• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A simple method is proposed to determine the quality of antirelaxation coatings of the walls of vacuum optical cells containing alkali metal vapors. The method involves recording the time dependence of the fluorescence intensity of alkali atoms during exposure of the cell by resonant radiation pulses. Theory predicts that to determine the coating quality, it is sufficient to know the fluorescence decay rate and the ratio of the fluorescence intensities at the beginning and end of the pulse laser.

DOI
10.3103/s8756699016010118

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A simple method is proposed to determine the quality of antirelaxation coatings of the walls of vacuum optical cells containing alkali metal vapors. The method involves recording the time dependence of the fluorescence intensity of alkali atoms during exposure of the cell by resonant radiation pulses. Theory predicts that to determine the coating quality, it is sufficient to know the fluorescence decay rate and the ratio of the fluorescence intensities at the beginning and end of the pulse laser.
A simple method for characterization the quality of anti-relaxation coatings of vacuum optical cells filled with alkalimetal vapors is proposed. This method is based on the registration of the temporal dependence of the intensity of the fluorescence from irradiated alkali atoms by pulsed light at resonance. Here it is shown that in order to find quality of coating it is enough to have the value of fluorescence decay speed and the ratio between the intensities of the fluorescence at the beginning and at the end of the laser pulse. The duration of laser pulses considered is of the order of tens of milliseconds - long enough to reach a steady state.
Antirelaxation coatings (ARC) are used in optical cells containing alkali metal vapor to reduce the depolarization of alkali atoms after collisions with the cell walls. The long-lived ground state polarization is a basis for development of atomic clocks, magnetometers, quantum memory, slow light experiments, precision measurements of fundamental symmetries etc. Another application of ARC is with Light-Induced Atomic Desorption (LIAD) for implementation optical dispensers for loading atomic devices as atomic magnetometers, atomic clocks, magneto-optical traps and their miniaturization. In this work, the Rb atomic density and the spin randomization (the number of collisions without spin depolarization) are investigated in PDMS coated vacuum cell when the density is controlled by LIAD, and compared with the results when the density is controlled by temperature. A simple method for measurement of the number of collisions without spin-randomization is used, which comprises recording of the time dependence of the fluorescence intensity of alkali atoms during exposure of the cell to resonant radiation pulses. The obtained results are discussed from point of view of LIAD applications for density control in spectroscopy investigations.
Optical characterization of antirelaxation coatings with regard to their applications in coherent spectroscopy and LIAD experiments is presented. A simple method, based on the recording of the fluorescence intensity of the Rb alkali atoms during resonant light pulse irradiation is used for comparison of the antirelaxation properties of the coatings. The LIAD yield and dynamics are measured by registration of the 780 nm Rb line transmission. The comparison of the parameters of PDMS coatings prepared with two different solutions in ether (PDMS 2% and PDMS 5%) shows that when illuminating with such LED intensity at which the LIAD efficiency is equal in the two cells, the light induced Rb vapor density changes are about an order of magnitude slower in the PDMS 2% cell, and the antirelaxation properties of the two cells are equal.
We describe a method for characterizing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in terms of their performance as antirelaxation wall coatings for alkali atom vapor cells. A combination of initial surface analysis and subsequent laser spectroscopy is used to provide insight into the quality of the coating, as well as its performance under the exposure to alkalis as it occurs, for example, when used in applications such as atomic magnetometers or clocks. Fused silica plates coated with octadecyltrichlorosilane SAMs were used to make cubic R87b gas cells. The surface was characterized by x-ray diffraction, contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy. Measurements of hyperfine resonance linewidths and frequency shifts show that the rubidium vapor atoms collide up to 40 times with the walls of the cells before their coherence relaxes and their adsorption energy is around 0.065 eV. Chemical analysis of the cell indicates some weak reactions between the coating and the rubidium atoms.
It is predicted theoretically that the combination of elliptically polarized radiation and an antirelaxation coating of the walls of a vacuum cell containing alkali metal vapor provides an asymmetric shape of the magneto-optical resonance. The cause of the asymmetry is the optical pumping of the ground-state hyperfine component which is not destroyed upon collision of the atom with the wall. The effect is most pronounced when the laser frequency is tuned to the resonance with the the F → F + 1 transition.