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Journal of Anyang University

Analysis of Quantum Cryptographic System Based on BB84 Protocol

Zhimeng Liu

Published Jan 1, 2005• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Quantum cryptography is the combination between classic cryptography and the principle of quantum mechanics,and its security can be proved. Quantum cryptography system is different from public key system in exchanging secret key, which can automatically detect eavesdropping while public key system cannot accomplish this. In production and disposition of the BB84 protocol, users can authenticate identity each other by the original secret key, which can not only strengthen its security, but also improve efficiency.

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Quantum cryptography is the combination between classic cryptography and the principle of quantum mechanics,and its security can be proved. Quantum cryptography system is different from public key system in exchanging secret key, which can automatically detect eavesdropping while public key system cannot accomplish this. In production and disposition of the BB84 protocol, users can authenticate identity each other by the original secret key, which can not only strengthen its security, but also improve efficiency.
The recent application of the principles of quantum mechanics to cryptography has led to a remarkable new dimension in secret communication.Quantum Cryptography uses the principles of Quantum Mechanics to implement a cryptographic system.The key problem which is solved by using quantum techniques is that of eavesdropping detection.Conventional secret-key cryptography techniques require the communication of a secret key prior to message exchange.Quantum principles can be used to detect eavesdropping probabilistically when it occurs.The bits are represented as qubits, physically modeled by photons, and communicated over a quantum channel.The polarization states of photons represent 0's and 1's.As a result of these new developments, it is now possible to construct cryptographic communication systems which detect unauthorized eavesdropping should it occur, and which give a guarantee of no eavesdropping should it not occur.
Cryptography literally means "The art & science of secret writing & sending a message between two parties in such a way that its contents cannot be understood by someone other than the intended recipient."and Quantum word is related with "Light".Thus, Quantum Cryptography is a way of descripting any information in the form of quantum particles.There are no classical cryptographic systems which are perfectly secure.In contrast to Classical cryptography which depends upon Mathematics, Quantum Cryptography utilizes the concepts of Quantum Physics which provides us the security against the cleverest marauders of the present age.In the view of increasing need of Network and Information Security, we do require methods to overcome the Molecular Computing technologies (A future technology) and other techniques of the various codebrakers.Both the parts i.e.Quantum Key distribution and Information transference from Sender to Receiver are much efficient and secure.It is based upon BB84 protocol.It can be of great use for Govt.agencies such as Banks, Insurance, Brokerages firms, financial institutions, e-commerce and most important is the Defense & security of any country.It is a Cryptographic communication system in which the original users can detect unauthorized eavesdropper and in addition it gives a guarantee of no eavesdropping.It proves to be the ultra secure mode of communication b/w two intended parties.
Cryptography literally means “The art & science of secret writing & sending a message between two parties in such a way that its contents cannot be understood by someone other than the intended recipient. ” and Quantum word is related with “Light”. Thus, Quantum Cryptography is a way of descripting any information in the form of quantum particles. There are no classical cryptographic systems which are perfectly secure. In contrast to Classical cryptography which depends upon Mathematics, Quantum Cryptography utilizes the concepts of Quantum Physics which provides us the security against the cleverest marauders of the present age. In the view of increasing need of Network and Information Security, we do require methods to overcome the Molecular Computing technologies (A future technology) and other techniques of the various codebrakers. Both the parts i.e. Quantum Key distribution and Information transference from Sender to Receiver are much efficient and secure. It is based upon BB84 protocol. It can be of great use for Govt. agencies such as Banks, Insurance, Brokerages firms, financial institutions, e-commerce and most important is the Defense & security of any country. It is a Cryptographic communication system in which the original users can detect unauthorized eavesdropper and in addition it gives a guarantee of no eavesdropping. It proves to be the ultra secure mode of communication b/w two intended parties.
Cryptography is being introduced to secure data. Through Classical Cryptographic technique, we can encrypt our data and secure secret key also. But classical cryptography is based on mathematical techniques where reversing one-way function is possible with sufficient computing power and time. So, Quantum Cryptography is introduced to overcome those drawbacks of traditional classical cryptography. It is based on the values of quantum mechanics and photon. Scientists and researchers have brought up a new key distribution protocol based on Quantum Cryptography is called Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Protocol. The first QKD protocol BB84 was introduced by Charles Bennett and Gilles Brassard in 1984. After that several QKD protocols have been created. In this paper we have improved BB84 Protocol by removing the drawbacks of the existing algorithm towards Eavesdropping which may not be detected or disclosing large portion of secret key. Steps of the existing BB84 algorithm along with the modified one is described in detail with example and pseudo code. Limitations of BB84 and comparative study of both the existing and the improved one based on their security has been made and described in this current work.
Security awareness is one of the most pressing topics in today's globe. The idea of cryptography is introduced when the subject is information security. Conventional cryptography-based security techniques rely on the presumption that keys are shared before secure connections. The most crucial factor to consider when integrating cryptographic operations into account when integrating cryptographic operations in with any system is the safe key management strategy required for sending and transferring a secret key between two entities The systems will be vulnerable to bugs and possibly fatal external assaults if the fundamental management methods are poor A method for securely encrypting data sent between parties is quantum cryptography. and spotting eavesdroppers trying to overhear the conversation. Quantum cryptography may be the solution to these issues a quantum cryptography application, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), refers to the production of a cryptographic key with unconditional security assured by physical rules. Quantum cryptography is a kind of encryption. We examine the quantum key exchange protocol (BB84 protocol) in this study and the way that it significantly improves data transfer security when compared to standard encryption techniques. The main objective of quantum cryptography is to offer a trustworthy way to provide a secure method of communication between the intended peers only and to detect the Eavesdropper presence.
Quantum cryptography is known the most up-to-date in domain of realistic cryptography notably the menace of quantum cryptanalysis which threatens security firmness of public key cryptography. Quantum cryptography has a famous scheme known as Quantum Key Exchange (QKE), that administrates generation and distribution of a secured random key between legitimate channel users depicted as sender and receiver. Consequently, such key could be used as a key for one-time pad hybrid cryptosystems to encrypt and authenticate messages over a quantum channel. (QKE) is based on unifying quantum physics concepts and information theory with conventional cryptographic schemes that target to produce a short secret session key between any two legitimate parties. An important phase in key creation of BB84 protocol is Privacy Amplification phase where two interconnecting parties distill highly secret shared key from a larger body of shared key, which is only partially secret. The two legitimate parties publicly exchange information to create a compressed key free from biased bits known by an eavesdropper.