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Journal of Anhui University

Generation and modulation of narrow-band photon pairs in cold atomic ensembles

Shiliang Zhu

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Narrow-band entangled photon pairs could not only provide powerful tools to test some basic concepts of quantum mechanics,e.g.,nonlocal property,but also be used to improve long-distance quantum communication and scalable distributed linear optical quantum computation.The authors reviewed the experimental aspects of the generation and modulation of such kind of narrow-band entangled photon pairs in cold atoms through spontaneous four wave mixing and electromagnetic induced transparency.

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In this article, we review on narrowband photon pairs produced in nonlinear crystals, and especially in atomic ensembles. In atomic ensembles, “write-read” process in pulse mode and spontaneous four-wave mixing process (SFWM) in continuous mode are two popular photon pair generation schemes. We specifically discuss the experimental works with continuous SFWM scheme in cold atomic ensembles. Photon pairs produced in these systems are characteristic of controllable long coherence time, and therefore are accessible with direct temporal modulation. We elaborate on the recent techniques on modulation and waveform reshaping of narrow-band paired photons.
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Correlated light generated from atomic ensembles can have a central role in prominent quantum information protocols, such as long-distance quantum communication. Here we present our studies on three topics involving the generation of correlated light with four-wave mixing (FWM) in a cold atomic ensemble for applications in quantum communications with high capacity. We experimentally investigate the generation of light with seeded FWM in cold cesium atoms and the time correlations of photon pairs generated with spontaneous FWM. We theoretically investigate the correlations in orbital angular momentum of photon pairs generated with spontaneous FWM for a range of experimental geometries. These studies represent foundational work toward the control and measurement of high-dimensional entanglement in the orbital angular momentum degree of freedom photon pairs for use in high-dimensional quantum communication.
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The generation of nonclassical photon pairs with a long coherence time is key for applications that range from fundamental to quantum communication and metrology. Spontaneous four-wave mixing with electromagnetically induced transparency has been demonstrated as one of the most efficient methods; however, narrowing the bandwidth and producing photon pairs with a temporal length beyond 1 μs remains a technical challenge due to noise considerations and the need for cold atoms with a high optical depth (OD). In this work, we demonstrate the generation of narrowband photon pairs with a controllable coherence time up to 1.72 μs in a laser-cooled atomic ensemble with an OD as high as 130. At such a high OD, we find that the pump laser field spatial profile has a significant effect on the time–frequency entangled two-photon waveform. We also confirm the quantum particle nature of heralded narrowband single photons generated from this source.