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Journal of Shaanxi Normal University

Storage and restoration of optical information in a Λ-three-level system

Juan Liu

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

According to the principle of the photon echoes,the physical mechanism of the light information storage and restoration is investigated and discussed by numerical calculation with density matrix equation and analytic method with Bloch vectors in a Λ-three-level system.It is shown that not only the information storage time but the magnitude of information restoration signal are better than what are carried out in a two-level system.

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•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations
According to the principle of the photon echoes,the physical mechanism of the light information storage and restoration is investigated and discussed by numerical calculation with density matrix equation and analytic method with Bloch vectors in a Λ-three-level system.It is shown that not only the information storage time but the magnitude of information restoration signal are better than what are carried out in a two-level system.
Using the method of the Bloch vectors,the physics mechanism of the photon echo is analyzed with both the dressed state and quantum interference theory,and the physics picture for the interaction between light and atoms is given in detail.The dynamic process for the quantum information storage and that of the recall with the photon echo is discussed under adiabatic condition.The results show that the photon information is stored in the medium during the first pulse,and when v and w of the Bloch vectors are inversed during the second pulse,the information reappears as the photon echo.The process of the photon echo is virtually the process of photon information storage and recall.
Quantum optical data storage is a key element in quantum information processing. However, most modified photon echoes protocols are still limited by lack of resonance signal to explain time scales of different systems. In this paper, we studied three-pulse photon-echo system by using density matrix in Λ-scheme.. It will be shown that the time position of three-pulse echo signals is proportional to ratio of detuning frequencies from the resonance frequencies of transitions in a non-uniform distribution. In the last part of paper, you can see the importance effect of frequency distance between two degenerate levels (d) on the delay time of signal.
Important applications in optical information storage and processing based on photon echo have been developed.An accurate and effective numerical method to solve the Maxwell-Bloch equations that are used to describe the optical pulse propagation and interaction with inhomogeneously broadened two-level medium will be introduced.Two-pulse photon echo is calculated then photon echo and multiple-pulse photon echoes are stimulated in optical thin(thick) media by using the method,and the physical properties of those echoes are analyzed.The results show that the approach to storage and retrieval of light using multiple-pulse photon echoes based on stimulated photon echo is an effective mode.
The three-pulse photon echo is a well-known technique to store intense light pulses in an inhomogeneously broadened atomic ensemble. This protocol is attractive because it is relatively simple and it is well suited for the storage of multiple temporal modes. Furthermore, it offers very long storage times, greater than the phase relaxation time. Here, we consider the three-pulse photon echo in both two- and three-level systems as a potential technique for the storage of light at the single-photon level. By explicit calculations, we show that the ratio between the echo signal corresponding to a single-photon input and the noise is smaller than one. This severely limits the achievable fidelity of the quantum state storage, making the three-pulse photon echo unsuitable for single-photon quantum memory.
In this thesis we study light-matter coherence phenomena related to the interaction of a coherent laser field and the so-called Λ-system, a three-level quantum system (e.g., an atom). We observe electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), slow and stored light in hot rubidium vapor. For example, a 6 μs Gaussian pulse propagate at a velocity of ~1 km/s (to be compared with the normal velocity of 300 000 km/s). Dynamic changes of the control parameter allows us to slow down a pulse to a complete stop, store it for ~100 μs, and then release it. During the storage time, and also during the release process, some properties of the light pulse can be changed, e.g., frequency chirping of the pulse is obtained by means of Zeeman shifting the energy levels of the Λ-system. If, bichromatic continuous light fields are applied we observe overtone generation in the beating signal, and a narrow `dip' in overtone generation efficiency on two-photon resonance, narrower than the `coherent population trapping' transparency. The observed light-matter coherence phenomena are explained theoretically from first principles, using the Lindblad master equation, in conjunction with the Maxwell's equations. Furthermore, we analyze an optical delay-line based on EIT and show that there is in principle (besides decoherence) no fundamental limitation, but the usefulness today is scant. The combination of EIT and a photonic crystal cavity is inquired into, and we show that the quality value of a small resonator (area of 2.5λ×2.5λ with a missing central rod) can be enhanced by a factor of 500 due to the increased modal density close to two-photon resonance. Open system effects (decoherence effects) are thoroughly investigated using a coherence vector formalism, furthermore, a vector form of the Lindblad equation is derived. Specifically we find an open system channel that lead to slow light and gain.