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Quantum dynamics of the free Gaussian wavepacket in phase space

Qian‐Shu Li

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The propagation scheme based on the quantum hydrodynamics is adapted for use in the propagation of quantum mechanical wave functions in phase space.This shows,one more,that one can do true quantum mechanics in phase space,in a similar way as it is done in coordinate or momentum space.

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In this chapter, we consider the wave function of a particle as a wavepacket describing the density amplitude in the coordinate space, and its inverse Fourier transform, as a wave function in the momentum space. We obtain the momentum from the mass Lagrangian in the time-dependent phase of the wave function, and the particle dynamics from the group velocities of these wave-packets in the two conjugate spaces of the coordinates and of the momentum. From the equality of the mass in the relativistic Lagrangian, which describes the matter dynamics, with the total mass as an integral of the density, we obtain the matter quantization.
The main principles of photon quantum mechanics describing its single-particle states by means of the wave function (wave packet) in the coordinate representation are given. The results of modeling of the propagation in space-time of wave packet with a Gaussian distribution of the momentum of a photon corresponding to femtosecond laser radiation are discussed. On the basis of the general ideas about the evolution of this packet and within the framework of constructed photon quantum mechanics, the quantum-mechanical explanation of the experimentally registered (previously) reduction of speed of the free photons, “structured” in the same way as the light in Bessel and Gaussian beams, is proposed. It is emphasized that in fact the photon is not a some formed quantum corpuscle, but it is a quasi-particle, which is the result of propagation of spin wave in physical vacuum, the nature of which should be considered at the Planck distances simultaneously with structure of fundamental particles.
We consider rectilinear free-space propagation of electromagnetic wavepackets using electromagnetic field theory, scalar wavepacket propagation, and quantum-mechanical formalism. We demonstrate that spatially localized wavepackets are inherently characterized by a subluminal group velocity and a superluminal phase velocity, whose product equals c2c^2c2. These velocities are also known as the 'energy' and 'momentum' velocities, introduced by K. Milton and J. Schwinger. We illustrate general conclusions by explicit calculations for Gaussian and higher-order beams and wavepackets, and also highlight subtleties of the quantum-mechanical description based on the 'photon wavefunction'.