Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Journal of China Institute of Communications

A protocol of specific secure two-party computation

Bao Li

Published Jan 1, 2004• 4 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The research of multi-party computation was a subject of great importance in the international cryptographic circle. Based on the Φ-hiding assumption and public-key cryptosystem of homomprphic encryption, we constructed a protocol of special secure two-party computation--comparing protocol. The protocol could ensure fairness, security, efficiency and robustness. We also proved the security and correctness of the protocol, using the strict definition of the secure multi-party computation. Applications of the protocol included private bidding and auctions, secret ballot elections and so on.

Related papers

A Protocol of Comparing Information without Leaking

Jing Qin

At present, research on secure multi-party computation is of great interest in modern cryptography. It should be acknowledged that if any function can be computed securely, then it results in a very powerful tool. In fact, all natural protocols are, or can be rephrased to be, special cases of the multi-party computation problems. Design and analysis of the special multi-party computation protocols is meaningful and has attracted much interest in this field. Based on the combination of a public-key cryptosystem of the homomorphic encryption and on the theoretic construction relying on the F-hiding assumption, a protocol for comparing information of equality is proposed. The protocol needs only a single round of interaction and ensures fairness, efficiency and security. The protocol is fair, which means that one party knows the sound result of the comparison if and only if the other one knows the result. The protocol is efficient with the help of an oblivious third party for calculating. However, the third party cannot learn any information about the participant抯 private inputs and even about the comparison result, and cannot collude with any participant. The protocol is secure for the two participants, that is, any information about their secret input will not leak except the final computation result. A precise proof of security of the protocol is presented. Applications of this protocol may include private bidding and auctions, secret ballot elections, commercial business, identification in a number of scenarios and so on. It is believed that the protocol may be of practical significance for electronic transaction.

•Jan 1, 2004•24 citations

A Key Agreement of the Improvements Based on Secure two-Party Computation

Junming Zhang

Secure Multiparty Computation protocol is an important area in cryptography.The research of multi-party computation was a subject of great importance in the international cryptographic circle.A key agreement scheme based on secure two-party computation is improved.Three schemes are proposed.It can be proved that even if Eve gets the same data as the receiver,the schemes are still secure.

Journal of Kaili University•Jan 1, 2011•0 citations

A secure two-party bargaining protocol based on additive homomorphic public key cryptosystem

Fengli Zhang

Secure multi-party computation with its applications is an important direction in current cryptography research field. The research focuses on how to accomplish the secure cooperative computation among multi-party without the participation of the third party. The two-party bargaining protocol, based on homomorphic public key cryptosystem, was an example of secure multi-party computation's applications. One participant can make a bargain with the other by implementing the protocol. During the implementation of protocol, the privacy of input and the correctness of output could be preserved. The protocol can be implemented without the participation of the third party and its security was based on additive homomorphic public key cryptosystem.

Journal of Computer Applications•Jan 1, 2006•0 citations

Secure two-party comparing protocol based on evaluation of encrypted functions

Liang Chen, Yong Xu

Secure two-party comparing is a special case and a basic module of secure computations,and is applied in mobile code and e-commerce security etc.But known solutions have some disadvantages:expensive costs of computing and communicating,limited ranges of compared numbers.Based on a modified ElGamal algorithm,this paper presented and proved multiplicative,mixed-multiplicative,additive and subtractive homomorphic cryptosystem.Constructed an encrypted function unknown by two-party using the homomorphic cryptosystem.Based on the homomorphic cryptosystem and evaluation of encrypted functions,designed secure two-party comparing protocol under semi-honest model.Proof,example and comparing with other protocols show the proposed protocol has the merits of security,fairness,lower costs of communication and computational complexity,and comparing integers.

Jisuanji yingyong yanjiu•Jan 1, 2010•0 citations

Secure Multi-Party Comparing Protocol and Its Applications

Liu Wen, Yongbin Wang

The secure multi-party comparing problem is generalized from the millionaires' problem,which is used to get whether the multi-party's secret inputs are all equal and if not,the number of users whose inputs are same as an indicated user's.Based on the F function and semantic addition homomorphic encryption,a protocol of secure multi-party comparing is proposed.The correctness,security and efficiency of the protocol are analyzed.This protocol can be used in many aspects of secure multi-party computation.

Dianzi xuebao•Jan 1, 2012•1 citation

Secure and fair two-party computation

Mehmet Sabır Kiraz

Consider several parties that do not trust each other, yet they wish to correctly compute some common function of their local inputs while keeping these inputs private. This problem is known as "Secure Multi-Party Computation", and was introduced by Andrew Yao in 1982. Secure multi-party computations have some real world examples like electronic auctions, electronic voting or fingerprinting. In this thesis we consider the case where there are only two parties involved. This is known as "Secure Two-Party Computation". If there is a trusted third party called Carol, then the problem is pretty straightforward. The participating parties could hand their inputs in Carol who can compute the common function correctly and could return the outputs to the corresponding parties. The goal is to achieve (almost) the same result when there is no trusted third party. Cryptographic protocols are designed in order to solve these kinds of problems. These protocols are analyzed within an appropriate model in which the behavior of parties is structured. The basic level is called the Semi-Honest Model where parties are assumed to follow the protocol specification, but later can derive additional information based on the messages which have been received so far. A more realistic model is the so-called Malicious Model. The common approach is to first analyze a protocol in the semi-honest model and then later extend it into the malicious model. Any cryptographic protocol for secure two-party computation must satisfy the following security requirements: correctness, privacy and fairness. It must guarantee the correctness of the result while preserving the privacy of the parties’ inputs, even if one of the parties is malicious and behaves arbitrarily throughout the protocol. It must also guarantee fairness. This roughly means that whenever a party aborts the protocol prematurely, he or she should not have any advantage over the other party in discovering the output. The main question for researchers is to construct new protocols that achieve the above mentioned goals for secure multi-party computation. Of course, such protocols must be secure in a given model, as well as be as efficient as possible. In 1986, Yao presented the first general protocol for secure two-party computation which was applicable only to the semi-honest model. He uses a tool called "Garbled Circuit". Yao’s protocol uses the underlying primitives ("Pseudorandom Generator" and "Oblivious Transfer") as blackboxes which lead to efficient results. After Yao’s work many variants and improvements have been proposed for the malicious model. In this thesis, we design several new protocols for secure two-party computation based on Yao’s garbled circuit. Before we present the details of our new designs, we first show several weaknesses, security flaws or problems with the existing protocols in the literature. We first work in the semi-honest model and then extend it into the malicious model by presenting new protocols. Finally we add fairness to our protocol. Oblivious transfer (OT) is a fundamental primitive in modern cryptography which is useful for implementing protocols for secure multi-party computation. We study several variants of oblivious transfer in this thesis. We present a new protocol for the so-called "Committed OT". This protocol is very efficient in the sense that it is quite good in comparison to the most efficient committed OT protocols in the literature. The abovementioned flaw with the use of OT can be fixed with our committed oblivious transfer protocol. Furthermore, it is more general than all previous protocols, and, therefore, it is of independent interest. We also deal with fairness in this thesis. For protocols based on garbled circuit, so far only Benny Pinkas has presented a protocol in the literature for achieving fairness. We show a subtle problem with this protocol where the privacy of the inputs of one party can be compromised. We also describe this problem in detail which is in fact related to the fairness, and finally propose a more efficient scheme that does achieve fairness.

•Jan 1, 2007•19 citations
The research of multi-party computation was a subject of great importance in the international cryptographic circle. Based on the Φ-hiding assumption and public-key cryptosystem of homomprphic encryption, we constructed a protocol of special secure two-party computation--comparing protocol. The protocol could ensure fairness, security, efficiency and robustness. We also proved the security and correctness of the protocol, using the strict definition of the secure multi-party computation. Applications of the protocol included private bidding and auctions, secret ballot elections and so on.
At present, research on secure multi-party computation is of great interest in modern cryptography. It should be acknowledged that if any function can be computed securely, then it results in a very powerful tool. In fact, all natural protocols are, or can be rephrased to be, special cases of the multi-party computation problems. Design and analysis of the special multi-party computation protocols is meaningful and has attracted much interest in this field. Based on the combination of a public-key cryptosystem of the homomorphic encryption and on the theoretic construction relying on the F-hiding assumption, a protocol for comparing information of equality is proposed. The protocol needs only a single round of interaction and ensures fairness, efficiency and security. The protocol is fair, which means that one party knows the sound result of the comparison if and only if the other one knows the result. The protocol is efficient with the help of an oblivious third party for calculating. However, the third party cannot learn any information about the participant抯 private inputs and even about the comparison result, and cannot collude with any participant. The protocol is secure for the two participants, that is, any information about their secret input will not leak except the final computation result. A precise proof of security of the protocol is presented. Applications of this protocol may include private bidding and auctions, secret ballot elections, commercial business, identification in a number of scenarios and so on. It is believed that the protocol may be of practical significance for electronic transaction.
Secure multi-party computation with its applications is an important direction in current cryptography research field. The research focuses on how to accomplish the secure cooperative computation among multi-party without the participation of the third party. The two-party bargaining protocol, based on homomorphic public key cryptosystem, was an example of secure multi-party computation's applications. One participant can make a bargain with the other by implementing the protocol. During the implementation of protocol, the privacy of input and the correctness of output could be preserved. The protocol can be implemented without the participation of the third party and its security was based on additive homomorphic public key cryptosystem.
Secure two-party comparing is a special case and a basic module of secure computations,and is applied in mobile code and e-commerce security etc.But known solutions have some disadvantages:expensive costs of computing and communicating,limited ranges of compared numbers.Based on a modified ElGamal algorithm,this paper presented and proved multiplicative,mixed-multiplicative,additive and subtractive homomorphic cryptosystem.Constructed an encrypted function unknown by two-party using the homomorphic cryptosystem.Based on the homomorphic cryptosystem and evaluation of encrypted functions,designed secure two-party comparing protocol under semi-honest model.Proof,example and comparing with other protocols show the proposed protocol has the merits of security,fairness,lower costs of communication and computational complexity,and comparing integers.
The secure multi-party comparing problem is generalized from the millionaires' problem,which is used to get whether the multi-party's secret inputs are all equal and if not,the number of users whose inputs are same as an indicated user's.Based on the F function and semantic addition homomorphic encryption,a protocol of secure multi-party comparing is proposed.The correctness,security and efficiency of the protocol are analyzed.This protocol can be used in many aspects of secure multi-party computation.
Consider several parties that do not trust each other, yet they wish to correctly compute some common function of their local inputs while keeping these inputs private. This problem is known as "Secure Multi-Party Computation", and was introduced by Andrew Yao in 1982. Secure multi-party computations have some real world examples like electronic auctions, electronic voting or fingerprinting. In this thesis we consider the case where there are only two parties involved. This is known as "Secure Two-Party Computation". If there is a trusted third party called Carol, then the problem is pretty straightforward. The participating parties could hand their inputs in Carol who can compute the common function correctly and could return the outputs to the corresponding parties. The goal is to achieve (almost) the same result when there is no trusted third party. Cryptographic protocols are designed in order to solve these kinds of problems. These protocols are analyzed within an appropriate model in which the behavior of parties is structured. The basic level is called the Semi-Honest Model where parties are assumed to follow the protocol specification, but later can derive additional information based on the messages which have been received so far. A more realistic model is the so-called Malicious Model. The common approach is to first analyze a protocol in the semi-honest model and then later extend it into the malicious model. Any cryptographic protocol for secure two-party computation must satisfy the following security requirements: correctness, privacy and fairness. It must guarantee the correctness of the result while preserving the privacy of the parties’ inputs, even if one of the parties is malicious and behaves arbitrarily throughout the protocol. It must also guarantee fairness. This roughly means that whenever a party aborts the protocol prematurely, he or she should not have any advantage over the other party in discovering the output. The main question for researchers is to construct new protocols that achieve the above mentioned goals for secure multi-party computation. Of course, such protocols must be secure in a given model, as well as be as efficient as possible. In 1986, Yao presented the first general protocol for secure two-party computation which was applicable only to the semi-honest model. He uses a tool called "Garbled Circuit". Yao’s protocol uses the underlying primitives ("Pseudorandom Generator" and "Oblivious Transfer") as blackboxes which lead to efficient results. After Yao’s work many variants and improvements have been proposed for the malicious model. In this thesis, we design several new protocols for secure two-party computation based on Yao’s garbled circuit. Before we present the details of our new designs, we first show several weaknesses, security flaws or problems with the existing protocols in the literature. We first work in the semi-honest model and then extend it into the malicious model by presenting new protocols. Finally we add fairness to our protocol. Oblivious transfer (OT) is a fundamental primitive in modern cryptography which is useful for implementing protocols for secure multi-party computation. We study several variants of oblivious transfer in this thesis. We present a new protocol for the so-called "Committed OT". This protocol is very efficient in the sense that it is quite good in comparison to the most efficient committed OT protocols in the literature. The abovementioned flaw with the use of OT can be fixed with our committed oblivious transfer protocol. Furthermore, it is more general than all previous protocols, and, therefore, it is of independent interest. We also deal with fairness in this thesis. For protocols based on garbled circuit, so far only Benny Pinkas has presented a protocol in the literature for achieving fairness. We show a subtle problem with this protocol where the privacy of the inputs of one party can be compromised. We also describe this problem in detail which is in fact related to the fairness, and finally propose a more efficient scheme that does achieve fairness.