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Journal of Beijing Electronic Science and Technology Institute

Gain Saturation in Chirped Pulse Amplification

Hao Zhou

Published Jan 1, 2009• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Basing on the nonlinear Schr?dinger equation about chirped-pulse-propagation and a numerical calculation of the equation by split-step Fourier method,the paper studies the effect of gaining saturation to pulse when pulse transfers and is amplified in homogeneously broadening and inhomogeneous broadening gain medium.

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Frequency chirped pulse interaction with inhomogeneously broadened two-level active medium when the pulse width is shorter than the homogeneous relaxation time T2 (coherent interaction) is studied theoretically. It is shown that, unlike the case of incoherent interaction when only half an energy stored can be converted into field, in the nonlinear coherent regime full extraction of active medium energy is possible. The analogy of the effect with Landau–Zener transition between crossing molecular curves is pointed out. Giving high-energy output at relatively low peak intensities, this nonlinear mechanism of energy extraction can be useful for excimer lasers.
The propagation properties of the chirped Gaussian pulse through gain-dispersion medium are studied by using the definition of complex wave number and the method of diffraction integral.The analytical expressions for the spectrum distribution and the temporal-spatial distribution of the chirped Gaussian pulse are given for the case of the gain-spectrum of Lorentzian distribution.The propagation properties,such as the spectrum distribution,temporal-spatial distribution,variations of the pulse width and the spectrum width,as well as the spectrum shift,etc,were analyzed in detail.It is shown that the pulse still keeps the Gaussian shape in temporal domain when the chirped Gaussian pulse propagates in the gain-dispersion medium,whereas the pulse will undergo the variation of the pulse width.During the propagation,the decrease of the spectrum width and the spectrum shift can be influenced by the chirped parameter.The larger the chirped parameter is,the more obvious the effects of broadening of pulse width and compression of spectrum width are.Furthermore,the spectrum shift increases with the propagation distance.For the given chirped parameter,the spectrum shift will tend to be a constant along the propagation distance.
An important application of Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers is in future wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) communication systems. In such systems one needs to consider gain cross saturation, i.e., how a signal at one wavelength affects gains at other wavelengths. A contributing factor to gain cross saturation is the inhomogeneous broadening of the gain medium. In this paper we demonstrate a technique for characterizing the inhomogeneous nature of the small-signal gain spectrum in the presence of a saturating signal.