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Ziran bianzhengfa tongxun

Experimental Tests of Bell's and Leggett's Inequalities and Realism

Huang Zheng-xin

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

In this paper some recent experimental progress in testing non-local is summarized, and the physical connotation of the word realism in experimental tests of Bell's and Leggett's inequalities is presented. It is pointed out that the conflict between quantum mechanics and special relativity (and the existence of EPR correlation) has nothing to do with in metaphysics, and that the word realism in experimental tests of Bell's and Leggett's inequalities does not directly equate with in metaphysics.

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In this paper some recent experimental progress in testing non-local is summarized, and the physical connotation of the word realism in experimental tests of Bell's and Leggett's inequalities is presented. It is pointed out that the conflict between quantum mechanics and special relativity (and the existence of EPR correlation) has nothing to do with in metaphysics, and that the word realism in experimental tests of Bell's and Leggett's inequalities does not directly equate with in metaphysics.
This article shows that the there is no paradox. Violation of Bell's inequalities should not be identified with a proof of non locality in quantum mechanics. A number of past experiments is reviewed, and it is concluded that the experimental results should be re-evaluated. The results of the experiments with atomic cascade are shown not to contradict the local realism. The article points out flaws in the experiments with down-converted photons. The experiments with neutron interferometer on measuring the "contextuality" and Bell-like inequalities are analyzed, and it is shown that the experimental results can be explained without such notions. Alternative experiment is proposed to prove the validity of local realism.
Abstract Local realism is in conflict with special quantum Bell-type models. Recently, several experiments have demonstrated violation of local realism if we trust their setup assuming special relativity valid. In this paper we question the assumption of relativity, point out not commented anomalies and show that the experiments have not closed objectivity loophole because clonability of the result has not been demonstrated. We propose several improvements in further experimental tests of local realism make the violation more convincing.
Experimental measurements of entangled photons have enabled effective probing of foundational principles of physical law, Quantum Mechanics (QM) in particular. When it was noted that QM is non-local and precludes certain real properties, change in the description of basic phenomena was required. Bell's Inequality work clarified this conflict with Local-Realistic descriptions but left open whether locality, realism, or both should be abandoned. More recent investigations consider models that maintain forms of non-local realism as alternatives to QM. Problems with those are illustrated here, and support a non-local QM description of entangled photons having non-determinate properties.
Bell inequalities are intended to formulate mathematically the argument of the thought-experiment proposed by Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen (EPR) in the Einstein-Bohr Debate. Devised to test Bell inequalities against quantum mechanics for resolving the Einstein-Bohr debate, Bell experiments are purportedly modern versions of the EPR experiment. However, there exists a fatal logical flaw in Bell experiments. Because of the logical flaw, Bell experiments differ essentially from the EPR experiment, and quantum correlation in the EPR experiment is not "quantum entanglement" in Bell experiments; the latter is not physically meaningful. In addition to the logical flaw in Bell experiments, a physical constraint imposed on measuring individual quantum objects is violated by all Bell inequalities, which makes Bell inequalities physically meaningless. Unlike Bell experiments, the EPR experiment will not violate any physical constraint, and the EPR argument has no logical flaw. Consequently, the experimental invalidation of Bell inequalities is not evidence for falsifying the two fundamental hypotheses for scientific research, i.e., locality and realism, underlying the EPR experiment, and by no means can Bell experiments resolve the Einstein-Bohr debate. Stemming from abandoning either locality or realism or both, the so-called new applications of quantum mechanics, including various quantum information technologies, are all ineligible and doomed to failure, for they attempt to exploit physically meaningless "quantum superposition" or "quantum entanglement", treating them as physical resources "out there" in the real world.
Bell's theorem, and inequalities that stem from it, address the conflict between the explanation of key experimental observations by quantum mechanics (QM) and by models expressing Locally Realistic (LR) properties, regardless of their inclusion or exclusion of hidden variables. To demonstrate the conflict between experimental results described by QM and LR models, a physical realization of the quantum state must be chosen. Entangled photons or electrons provide the most viable choices. In this work we consider a simplified version of a Bell inequality (BI) that focuses entirely on the physical state properties of photons in order to demonstrate the difference between QM and LR correlations. While the experiment we propose is in principle similar in intent to prior Bell inequality experiments, our version requires fewer measurements, and is more advantageous in its conceptual clarity.